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Source profiles (fractional mass abundances and uncertainties) for use in chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment are reported for soil dust from unpaved roads and desert lands. The objectives were to add to the library of source composition profiles available for CMB studies, and to provide data on the variation in wind-blown dust composition between particle sizes and geographical locations. Samples were resuspended and sampled through PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 inlets onto filters, then chemically analyzed for 40 elements, seven ions and eight carbon fractions. Air quality management would benefit from technology that can distinguish soil dust from sites in different geographical locations and sites with different...
Source profiles (fractional mass abundances and uncertainties) for use in chemical mass balance (CMB) source apportionment are reported for soil dust from unpaved roads and desert lands. The objectives were to add to the library of source composition profiles available for CMB studies, and to provide data on the variation in wind-blown dust composition between particle sizes and geographical locations. Samples were resuspended and sampled through PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 inlets onto filters, then chemically analyzed for 40 elements, seven ions and eight carbon fractions. Air quality management would benefit from technology that can distinguish soil dust from sites in different geographical locations and sites with different...
Pre- and post-remediation data sets are used herein to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures implemented in the headwaters of the Mineral Creek watershed, where contamination from hard rock mining has led to elevated metal concentrations and acidic pH. Collection of pre- and post-remediation data sets generally followed the synoptic mass balance approach, in which numerous stream and inflow locations are sampled for the constituents of interest and estimates of streamflow are determined by tracer dilution. The comparison of pre- and post-remediation data sets is confounded by hydrologic effects and the effects of temporal variation. Hydrologic effects arise due to the relatively wet conditions that preceded...
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This data release is a collection of data and field notes documenting snow and ice changes on South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA. The field records relate to glaciological research and reflect evolving interpretations of glacier mass balance, climatology, hydrology, and other glacier-related research conducted at the site between 1957 to 2022 in association with the USGS Benchmark Glacier Project. Notebooks have been scanned in their entirety in PDF format. The USGS Benchmark Glacier Project has monitored targeted mountain glaciers across North America since research was initiated at South Cascade Glacier in 1957. Data from the five benchmark glaciers located in Alaska, Washington, and Montana, provide continental-scale...
Alpine/subalpine basins may exhibit substantial variability in solute fluxes despite many apparent similarities in basin characteristics. An evaluation of controls on spatial patterns in solute fluxes may allow development of predictive tools for assessing basin sensitivity to outside perturbations such as climate change or deposition of atmospheric pollutants. Relationships between basin physical characteristics, determined from geographical information system (GIS) tools, and solute fluxes and mineral weathering rates were explored for nine alpine/subalpine basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, using correlation analyses for 1993 and 1994 data. Stream-water nitrate fluxes were correlated positively...
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This data release contains the results of an isotopic mass balance approach to provide an estimate of the long-term average isotope ratios of NWM streamflow for the summer season (JJA) between 2000 and 2019 in the Western United States. The NWM-estimated long-term average isotope ratios are compared directly to 6426 stream stable isotope observations in 995 unique catchments. Quantified similarities and differences, in the form of p-values, provide useful information about important hydrologic processes. Significant p-values mean that the observed isotope ratio differs from the long-term average mass balance calculated isotope ratios and indicates that flows may be influenced by processes that are not accounted...
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These data were compiled to quantify the role of Lake Powell in modulating salinity and reducing overall salt flux from the Upper Colorado River Basin downstream. In addition, these data were used to infer summertime calcite precipitation in Lake Powell (the major proposed sink for salt within the system). The Lake Powell Calcium Magnesium data contains summertime surface water calcium and magnesium concentrations along three transects that span the two major inflows to Lake Powell and the region of Lake Powell closest to the dam. The Modeled Salinity data was used to compare measured total dissolved solid concentrations at Lees Ferry to the instantaneous flow-weighted concentration of total dissolved solid entering...
During the summer in the northeast Pacific Ocean, the Alaska Coastal Current sweeps water with temperatures in excess of 12 °C past the mouths of glacierized fjords and bays. The extent to which these warm waters affect the mass balance of Alaskan tidewater glaciers is uncertain. Here we report hydrographic measurements made within Icy Bay, Alaska, and calculate rates of submarine melt at Yahtse Glacier, a tidewater glacier terminating in Icy Bay. We find strongly stratified water properties consistent with estuarine circulation and evidence that warm Gulf of Alaska water reaches the head of 40 km - long Icy Bay, largely unaltered. A 10 - 20 m layer of cold, fresh, glacially-modified water overlies warm, saline...
Pre- and post-remediation data sets are used herein to assess the effectiveness of remedial measures implemented in the headwaters of the Mineral Creek watershed, where contamination from hard rock mining has led to elevated metal concentrations and acidic pH. Collection of pre- and post-remediation data sets generally followed the synoptic mass balance approach, in which numerous stream and inflow locations are sampled for the constituents of interest and estimates of streamflow are determined by tracer dilution. The comparison of pre- and post-remediation data sets is confounded by hydrologic effects and the effects of temporal variation. Hydrologic effects arise due to the relatively wet conditions that preceded...
Abstract: We examine long-term streamflow and mass balance data from two Alaskan glaciers located in climatically distinct basins: Gulkana Glacier, a continental glacier located in the Alaska Range, and Wolverine Glacier, a maritime glacier located in the Kenai Mountains. Over the 1966–2011 study interval, both glaciers lost mass, primarily as a result of summer warming, and streamflow increased in both basins. We estimate total glacier runoff via summer mass balance and quantify the fraction of runoff related to annual mass imbalances. In both climates, annual (net) mass balance contributes, on average, less than 20 % of total streamflow, substantially less than the fraction related to summer mass loss (>50 %),...
    map background search result map search result map Calcium, magnesium and total dissolved solids data as well as modeled salinity and mass balance estimates for Lake Powell, 1952-2017 Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope mass balance evaluation of the National Water Model (v2.1) streamflow, runoff and groundwater flows Scanned field notebooks from a USGS Benchmark Glacier: South Cascade Glacier, Washington,1957 - 2022 Scanned field notebooks from a USGS Benchmark Glacier: South Cascade Glacier, Washington,1957 - 2022 Calcium, magnesium and total dissolved solids data as well as modeled salinity and mass balance estimates for Lake Powell, 1952-2017 Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope mass balance evaluation of the National Water Model (v2.1) streamflow, runoff and groundwater flows