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A major challenge in achieving sustainability is resolving conflicts between competing stakeholders over the use of natural resources. Recent literature on land use planning proposes the use of innovative shared decision-making (SDM) or collaborative planning models to resolve planning disputes. British Columbia (B.C.) is the only jurisdiction that has applied SDM approaches in a systematic way for land and resource use planning on Crown land. This program provides a unique opportunity to evaluate these new approaches. The purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of the SDM approach used to develop the B.C. Land and Resource Management Plans (LRMPs). Based on a literature review of dispute resolution,...
This thesis focuses on transactional process involved in the construction and operation of the Kuskokwim River Salmon Management Working Group. This cooperative wildlife management mechanism gives Yup'ik commercial and subsistence fishermen and other users a direct role, with the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, in salmon management. Transactions involving participants' knowledge and values are described in three processes: (1) the establishment of a management body and its operating rules; (2) the mediation of power in decision-making; and, (3) fishery management which uses both "science" and "fishermen's knowledge." Results indicate that through cooperation in decision-making, data gathering, and other management...
Past attempts by economists and anthropologists to conceptualize and value culture loss suggest that greater effort is needed to open up new dialogues that recognize the perspectives of all actors present in resource valuation processes. Economic methods employed to value social and material goods associated with indigenous peoples' "sense of place" in the Arctic region develop only a portion of a more holistic problem of resource valuation for indigenous peoples practicing subsistence based livelihoods. Anthropological approaches to culture loss and valuation attempt a more holistic understanding a indigenous peoples’ sense of place, highlighting the uneven power relations embedded in the politics of resource valuation....
A major initiative was undertaken to move toward ecological, social, and economic sustainability in the rural areas of British Columbia during the 1990s. The paper describes the major institutional changes, the adoption of collaborative planning - called shared decision making in the province - as the basis of conflict resolution, and the history of implementation measures throughout the province. The paper concludes with general lessons for developing sustainable rural land use plans based on the first decade of experimentation in B.C. These measures include recognition that: a champion is necessary to drive the process; institutional innovation and coordination and capacity building are key components; collaborative...
Wildlife, one of the United States' most treasured natural resources, faces a dire future. Changing climate conditions will upend the natural world wild creatures inhabit. Shifts in precipitation, spreading disease, cascading ecological events, and catastrophic events such as wildfires and floods will present wildlife with challenges of a degree and frequency not seen in U.S. history. These shifts in climate will in turn bring to bear great pressure on the heralded U.S. approach to wildlife management. Ill equipped to respond to the jurisdictional fragmentation and scientific uncertainty that will predominate wildlife management in a changing climate, U.S. wildlife managers must seek out new tools to cope with the...
A common goal in ecology and wildlife management is to determine the causes of variation in population dynamics over long periods of time and across large spatial scales. Many assumptions must nevertheless be overcome to make appropriate inference about spatio-temporal variation in population dynamics, such as autocorrelation among data points, excess zeros, and observation error in count data. To address these issues, many scientists and statisticians have recommended the use of Bayesian hierarchical models. Unfortunately, hierarchical statistical models remain somewhat difficult to use because of the necessary quantitative background needed to implement them, or because of the computational demands of using Markov...
As a term, sustainability has often come to be adopted as the 'panacea' for many problems without any clear understanding that the solutions will vary given the nature of the problem, the scale involved and the goals and objectives set out. As a result, what has emerged in the literature has been many different 'pictures' of sustainability, all of which may be relevant in certain contexts. This research examined the potential of the concept within the context of Canadian national parks. Emphasis was directed toward understanding, through the perceptions of 'expert' groups knowledgeable about parks, the key elements needed to promote parks as sustainable landscapes. The methodology used consisted of the implementation...
The article comments on the paper "Conservation status as a biodiversity trend indicator: recommendations from a decade of listing species at risk in British Columbia," by J. E. Quayle and L. R. Ramsay in a 2005 issue. It is pointed out that IUCN Red List Index (RLI) overcomes the three problems observed by Quayle and Ramsay. The primary advantage of the RLI is its geographic representativeness because it is based on data for nearly all species in a taxonomic group. Its major disadvantage is its somewhat coarse temporal resolution. However, the RLI and population-trend-based indicators are highly complementary with regards to their geographic representativeness and temporal resolution.
INTRODUCTION Environmental protection of the Arctic –a short history Concerns about contaminants in the Arctic date back at least 30 years, with an increasing and broadening awareness since the early 1970s. In the spring of 1989, Finland proposed a conference on the protection of the Arctic environment. The idea was favorably received by the governments of the other circumpolar countries: Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, the Soviet Union, and the United States. The first preparatory meetings were held in Rovaniemi, Finland, in September 1989, which started the ‘Rovaniemi process’. One idea agreed upon early was to produce a series of reports concerning the potential pollutants in different parts...
The absence of boreal forests from global policy agendas on sustainable development and climate change mitigation represents a massive missed opportunity for environmental protection. The boreal zone contains some of the world's largest pools of terrestrial carbon that, if not safeguarded from a conversion to a net source of greenhouse gases, could seriously exacerbate global climate change. At the same time, boreal countries have a strong tradition of forest management ? expertise that could be effectively leveraged towards global and national carbon mitigation targets and sustainable development. Current obstacles against such contributions include weak incentives for carbon sequestration and a reluctance to embrace...
This thesis uses a literature review of protected areas selection, park management, comprehensive regional land use planning, and cumulative environmental effects and assessment to develop a methodology that identifies areas with concentrations of social and/or ecological values in and around northern national parks. The proposed methodology involves two stages. First, a database of values is developed by taking an inventory of social and ecological values through extensive literature reviews, interviews, and consultation with the public. This database is then used in the second step to determine areas with concentrations of social and/or ecological values, or "value hotspots", using a series of tables and maps....
map background search result map search result map Northwest Territories Protected Areas Strategy: Mackenzie Valley five-year action plan (2004-2009): conservation planning for pipeline development Northwest Territories Protected Areas Strategy: Mackenzie Valley five-year action plan (2004-2009): conservation planning for pipeline development