Filters: Tags: greenhouse gases (X)
41 results (20ms)|
Filters
Date Range
Extensions Types Contacts
Categories Tag Types
|
In this study, we simulate global CO2 emissions and their reduction potentials in the industrial sector up to the year 2030. Future industrial CO2 emissions depend on changes in both technology and industrial activity. However, earlier bottom-up analyses mainly focused on technology change. In this study, we estimate changes in both technology and industrial activity. We developed a three-part simulation system. The first part is a macro economic model that simulates macro economic indicators, such as GDP and value added by sector. The second part consists of industrial production models that simulate future steel and cement production. The third part is a bottom-up type technology model that estimates future CO2...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Greenhouse gases,
Projections,
U.S.,
historic,
investment,
Reducing GHG emissions in the U.S. transportation sector requires both the use of highly efficient propulsion systems and low carbon fuels. This study compares reduction potentials that might be achieved in 2060 for several advanced options including biofuels, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), assuming that technical and cost reduction targets are met and necessary fueling infrastructures are built. The study quantifies the extent of the reductions that can be achieved through increasing engine efficiency and transitioning to low-carbon fuels separately. Decarbonizing the fuels is essential for achieving large reductions in GHG emissions,...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Carbon intensity,
Fuel economy,
Greenhouse gases,
Low carbon fuels,
Transportation fuels
This was a collaborative study between NDSU-Carrington Research Extension Center, the U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center (NPWRC) in Jamestown, and the USDA-ARS in Mandan, ND. In the study, soil N2O (and CO2 and CH4) gas flux was measured from wheat plots during the 2017 growing season within a long-term study examining the effects of N fertilizer and tillage on crop production and soil chemical properties. Total N lost to the atmosphere as N2O-N was summarized by fertilizer or tillage treatment and data are in csv format.
Wind speed, wind direction (3D) and gas concentrations are measured at 10 Hz and statistically processed using the eddy covariance technique to half-hour estimates of flux rates of gas exchange between the ecosystem and atmosphere. Three gases were measured: carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor. Simultaneous measurements of environmental drivers are also measured and recorded as half-hourly values: photosynthetic photon flux density, downwelling and upwelling short and long wave radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. Variable names and units follow AmeriFlux and FLUXNET standards. This site is a flotant herbaceous freshwater marsh in Salvador Wildlife Management Area near Luling, LA.
This paper describes an approach to determine the relative accountability that each region and individual nation should bear in reducing atmospheric greenhouse gas. The paper argues that accountability should be based on equity and that all measures of equity for which there are backers should be used in the decision making procedure. Each equity indicator defines a different accountability profile, leading to conflicting prescriptions. Multicriterion decision making methods are seen as having high potential to help design fair compromise profiles, and a methodology is proposed and numerous methods indicated for this purpose. The methodology is illustrated by defining ! 1 different equity indicators and then formulating...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Accountability,
Equity,
Greenhouse gases,
Multicriterion optimization,
atmosphere
Although various studies have shown that corn ethanol reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by displacing fossil fuel use, many of these studies fail to include how land-use history affects the net carbon balance through changes in soil carbon content. We evaluated the effectiveness and economic value of corn and cellulosic ethanol production for reducing net GHG emissions when produced on lands with different land-use histories, comparing these strategies with reductions achieved by set-aside programs such as the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Depending on prior land use, our analysis shows that C releases from the soil after planting corn for ethanol may in some cases completely offset C gains attributed...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: CO2,
CRP,
Conservation Reserve Program,
biofuel,
corn ethanol,
The United States Documented Unplugged Orphaned Oil and Gas Well (DOW) dataset contains 117,672 wells in 27 states. The definition of an orphaned oil or gas well varies across data sources; the dataset includes oil or gas wells where the state indicates that the well is an unplugged orphan, or the following criteria are met: 1) no production for an average of 12 months (6 to 24 months depending on the state), 2) the well is unplugged, 3) there is no responsible party to manage the well for future re-use or for plugging and abandonment, and 4) the location of the well is documented. The dataset includes location coordinates, American Petroleum Institute (API) number, or other identification number, well type, well...
This study evaluated the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 and CH4 from experimental wetland mesocosms established in elevated CO2 and ambient CO2 glasshouses at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Wetland and Aquatic Research Center (Lafayette, Louisiana). The study duration was approximately two years, and these data represent measured and calculated data from four time points, which the investigators associate with season.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Ecology,
Photosynthesis,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
biota,
greenhouse gases,
An integrated approach for choosing among energy supply- and demand-side measures shows that, compared to business-as-usual demand patterns, global greenhouse-gas emissions can be reduced well below current levels with net economic benefits to society. Given these findings, a 'wait-and-see' stance towards new initiatives in energy and environmental policy is not economically justifiable. Achieving significant emissions reductions, however, will require commitments to policies aimed at enabling energy markets to function more efficiently and supporting legislation where market forces do not suffice.
The five principal gases that contribute to increases in global warming are categorized according to emission rate, atmospheric lifetime and relative warming effectiveness. Measures that the UK could take in combatting global warming are then examined and a broad analysis made of their relative cost-effectiveness. The exercise is focused entirely on reducing greenhouse gas emissions - no attempt is made to assess the damage consequences of the associated global warming. Only supply-side options are addressed and the relative cost-effectiveness of potential amelioration measures are summarized in Table 5, which also covers their scope and the time required to achieve a substantial reduction in emissions
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Cost effective reductions,
Energy,
Greenhouse gases,
contributions
We evaluate the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas obtained by highvolume hydraulic fracturing from shale formations, focusing on methane emissions. Natural gas is composed largely of methane, and 3.6% to 7.9% of the methane from shale-gas production escapes to the atmosphere in venting and leaks over the lifetime of a well. These methane emissions are at least 30% more than and perhaps more than twice as great as those from conventional gas. The higher emissions from shale gas occur at the time wells are hydraulically fractured—as methane escapes from flow-back return fluids—and during drill out following the fracturing. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, with a global warming potential that is far greater...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Bridge fuel,
Fugitive emissions,
GWP,
Global warming,
Global warming potential,
This data release presents data that were collected as part of a larger effort to assess the carbon balance of recently exposed (i.e., no vegetation cover) wetland sediments. This work was part of an international collaborative effort associated with the Dryflux II project. During June and July 2021, data were collected from three artificial ponds located near Jamestown, North Dakota, to estimate carbon dioxide flux, vegetation characteristics, and soil properties. Numerous covariates related to atmospheric and soil conditions also were measured. Water levels of the artificial ponds, which are managed by the U.S. Geological Survey Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, were manipulated to mimic the natural drying...
Categories: Data;
Tags: North Dakota,
Northern Great Plains,
Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center,
Prairie Pothole Region,
Stutsman County,
These data describe greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, dissolved GHG concentrations, and mesocosm conditions (vegetation, hydrologic phases, ambient conditions) of a controlled, laboratory study.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Jamestown,
North Dakota,
Stutsman County,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
United States of America,
A study was conducted to assess the relationships among carbon mineralization, sulfate reduction and greenhouse gas emissions in prairie pothole wetlands. These data are for dissolved methane and carbon dioxide concentrations and fluxes. Dissolved gas concentrations in the water column and fluxes to the atmosphere were estimated from April through November, 2015 for wetlands P7 and P8 of the Cottonwood Lake Study area, Stutsman County, North Dakota. Dissolved gases in the water column were collected every two weeks using a pumping-induced ebullition device. Gas flux samples were collected concurrently at the water-atmosphere interface using the vented static-chamber method. Gas concentrations of the gas samples...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Cottonwood Lake Study Area, Stutsman County, North Dakota,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
greenhouse gases,
wetland ecosystems
This data release encompass numerous studies examining soil properties and greenhouse gas fluxes of Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) wetland catchments. The PPR is one of the largest wetland ecosystems in the world, encompassing approximately 770,000 square kilometers of the north-central U.S. and south-central Canada, with the U.S. portion including parts of Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Montana. The data included in this release span a 19-year period (1997–2016) and represent a diversity of studies ranging from localized (e.g., wetland catchments and complexes) to region-wide efforts that span the PPR’s climate and land-use gradient. Data from individual wetland catchments encompass a variety of...
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Iowa,
Minnesota,
Montana,
North Dakota,
Prairie Pothole Region,
This data release presents data from a laboratory microcosm study examining the potential effects of herbicide application on the production and flux of greenhouse gases from wetland soils. Wetland soils were placed into glass mason jars and covered with water. Microcosms were treated with varying concentrations (none, low, medium, high) and combinations of the herbicides glyphosate and 2,4-D. Following herbicide application greenhouse gas fluxes were measured and concentrations of dissolved greenhouse gases were determined periodically over a 21-day period.
Wind speed, wind direction (3D) and gas concentrations are measured at 10 Hz and statistically processed using the eddy covariance technique to half-hour estimates of flux rates of gas exchange between the ecosystem and atmosphere. Three gases were measured: carbon dioxide, methane and water vapor. Simultaneous measurements of environmental drivers are also measured and recorded as half-hourly values: photosynthetic photon flux density, downwelling and upwelling short and long wave radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. Variable names and units follow AmeriFlux and FLUXNET standards. This site is a saltwater herbaceous marsh near Lake Hermitage, LA and Barataria Bay.
Country studies emphasize large national differences in underlying attitudes towards energy and the greenhouse effect. Technical opportanities for limiting C02 emissions exist in all countries, but the type of abatement policies that are feasible, the extent to which they can be effe,:tively implemented and their likely impacts vary widely. The potential for curtailing emissions is determined by factors including: the stage of a country's development; the character of its economic system and philosophy; its political culture; and the nature of its energy infrastructure, i, nstitutions and attitudes, all of which are determined by the past and current availability of cheap domestic energy resources. Abatement is...
The broad objective of my research is to determine rates and controls of organic carbon metabolism as a fundamental component of the terrestrial-aquatic-atmospheric exchange of carbon. I quantify the relative importance of intrinsic substrate properties and environmental variables to carbon metabolism, and the impact of climate change and other disturbances. I combine field and laboratory study approaches to understand the numerous controls on carbon cycling processes. Much of my research has focused on boreal and arctic systems, where nearly ½ of the global soil organic pool resides and is vulnerable to climate change. My research objectives in boreal and arctic regions include: 1) quantifying the release...
Categories: Project;
Tags: Biogeochemistry,
Carbon Cycling and Sequestration,
Climate Change,
Ecology,
Greenhouse Gases,
A Coupled Hydrosphere Atmosphere Research Model was developed that predicted vertical water temperature profiles, ice cover, and precipitation within 40-km grids and lake levels for Lake Michigan between 2058 and 2066. In this data set, daily predicted water temperature profiles are summarized for four regions in Lake Michigan (north: North of 45 degrees 20 minutes N; central: between 43 degrees 30 minutes N and 45 degrees 20 minutes N; south: south of 43 degrees 30 minutes N; south-shallow: only areas less than <40 m bottom depth and south of 43 degrees 30 minutes N). Model output was driven by the Canadian CRCM3 GCM and assumed SRES A2 scenario greenhouse gas concentrations.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Climate change,
Fish,
Greenhouse gases,
Inland fisheries,
Lake Michigan, USA,
|
|
