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Filters Contacts (Less) U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center Water Resources U.S. Geological Survey Matthew Granitto LCC Network Data Steward Natural Hazards Meagan Eagle Ecosystems Appalachian Landscape Conservation Cooperative U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service University of Alaska, Anchorage Corey R Lawrence Kevin D Kroeger Andrea L Foster U.S. Geological Survey, SOUTHWEST REGION Ken W Krauss Jennifer A O'Keefe Suttles Alaska Department of Fish and Game Land Resources Jason Chaytor Adrian G Mann Laurel W Gutenberg PCMSC Science Data Coordinator Rebecca Sanders-Demott Amanda C Booth Bill Collins Donald E. Spalinger Energy and Minerals Melissa L. Riskin Norm Harris U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Kimberly P Wickland Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center David W Clow Sydney S Foks Luke C Loken National Research Program Wetland and Aquatic Research Center Sharon L Qi Karen A Murphy North Pacific Landscape Conservation Cooperative Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center Jordan S Read Alison P Appling Rachel Sleeter Eastern Tallgrass Prairie and Big Rivers Landscape Conservation Cooperative More... View Results as: JSON ATOM CSV

Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership Atlas The Big Sky Carbon Atlas is being developed using a GIS (Geographic Information System) and related tools as an online resource for partners and other stakeholders in the Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership to explore and analyze the spatial characteristics of key geologic, physiographic, and anthropogenic factors affecting the Partnership's objectives. Categories: Data; Types: Application; Tags: Big Sky, Big Sky Carbon Sequestration, Carbon, Sequestration, economy, All tags... geoscientificInformation, Fewer tags Water-quality and streamflow datasets used in the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) models to determine trends in the Nation’s rivers and streams, 1972-2012(output) In 1991, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study of more than 50 major river basins across the Nation as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) project of the National Water-Quality Program. One of the major goals of the NAWQA project is to determine how water-quality conditions change over time. To support that goal, long-term consistent and comparable monitoring has been conducted on streams and rivers throughout the Nation. Outside of the NAWQA project, the USGS and other Federal, State, and local agencies also have collected long-term water-quality data to support their own assessments of changing water-quality conditions. Data from these multiple sources have been combined to support... Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Puerto Rico, United States, WRTDS, carbon, discharge, All tags... nutrients, rivers, salinity, sediment, trends, usgsnawqaswtrends, weighted regression, Fewer tags Baseline data for a hydrological restoration of a mangrove forest near Goodland, Florida (2015 - 2017) Mangrove restoration has a strong potential to enhance the services provided by coastal wetlands on a number of Department of the Interior (DOI) managed lands throughout the southeastern United States of America. Services include storm protection, water quality improvement, and biological carbon sequestration. Forest structural attributes including basal area, tree height, and stem density by species are used to calculate above ground biomass and above ground productivity. Percent cover is used to asses the forest canopy health. The data collected for the soils are: bulk density, percent total Nitrogen, percent total Carbon, and selected samples percent total Phosporus. The forest structure plots were placed in... Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Avicennia germinans, Carbon, Collier County, Conocarpus erectus, Ecology, All tags... Environmental Health, Florida, Goodland, Laguncularia racemosa, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Rhizophora mangle, USA, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), bulk density, diameter at breast height (dbh), mangrove, percent cover, soils, spherical densiometer, tree height, Fewer tags Phosphorus, nitrogen, carbon, calcium, pH, and dissolved oxygen data from incubations of Colorado River water and sediment and associated ambient river water measurements Lake Powell retains most of the phosphorus that it receives, leading to downstream phosphorus limitation. These data were compiled to examine controls on phosphorus cycling below Lake Powell in the Colorado River and from storm inputs from the Paria River. Objectives of our study were to determine how several forms of phosphorus, both organic and inorganic, were cycled under varying dissolved oxygen concentrations and pH, reflecting the range of values observed in the river over the years. These data represent nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and carbon concentrations, water quality parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature), sediment composition, total protein, and extracellular enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase).... Categories: Data; Tags: Aquatic Biology, Arizona, Colorado River, Ecology, Geochemistry, All tags... Geography, Glen Canyon, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon National Park, Hydrology, Information Sciences, Lake Mead National Recreation Area, Lake Powell, Lees Ferry, Limnology, Little Colorado River, Paria River, Pearce Ferry, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), alkaline earth elements, alkaline phosphatase, atomic emission spectroscopy, biochemistry, biota, bulk density, calcite, calcium carbonate, carbon, chemical analysis, chemical attributes, dam, data release, dissolved oxygen concentrations, dissolved oxygen optodes, dissolved phosphorus concentrations, environment, extracellular enzyme activity, field experiments, freshwater ecosystems, incubations, inductively coupled plasma, inlandWaters, laboratory bottle incubations, laboratory experiments, nitrogen, nutrient content (water), nutrient cycling, organic matter, oxygen content (water), phosphorus, phosphorus content, phosphorus cycling, river systems, river water quality, riverine phosphorus cycling, sediment composition, suspended material (water), tailwater, total dissolved nitrogen, total phosphorus concentrations, total protein analysis, unconsolidated deposits, water chemistry, water chemistry data, water pH, water quality, water quality sonde, water samples, water temperature, Fewer tags Plant composition, shrub biomass, and soil biogeochemistry from an experimental drought treatment on the Colorado Plateau These data were compiled for a study that investigated the effects of drought seasonality and plant community composition in a dryland ecosystem. In 2015 U.S. Geological Survey ecologists recorded vegetation and soil moisture data in 36 experimental plots which manipulated precipitation in two plant community types. The experiment consisted of three precipitation treatments: control (ambient precipitation), cool-season drought (-66% ambient precipitation November-April), and warm-season drought (-66% ambient precipitation May-October), applied in two plant communities (perennial grasses with or without a large shrub, Ephedra viridis) over a three-year period. These data were collected from 2015 to 2022 near Canyonlands... Categories: Data; Tags: Achnatherum hymenoides, Botany, C3 photosynthesis, C4 photosynthesis, Canyonlands National Park, All tags... Climatology, Colorado Plateau, Ecology, Ephedra viridis, Geography, Indian ricegrass, Information Sciences, Islands of Fertility, James' galleta, Needles District, Pleuraphis jamesii, Soil Sciences, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), USGS:6553a618d34ee4b6e05c3e2b, Utah, ambient precipitation, biogeochemical cycling, biogeochemical data, biogeochemistry, biomass, biota, carbon, carbon concentrations, control treatments, cool-season drought treatments, data release, drought seasonality, droughts, dryland ecosystems, ecosystems, experimental plots, experimental seasonal drought, field inventory and monitoring, field measurements, field sampling, geoscientificInformation, interspace cover estimates, mormon tea, nitrogen, nitrogen concentrations, percent cover estimates, perennial grasses, phosphorus, phosphorus concentrations, photosynthesis, plant community composition, plants (organisms), precipitation (atmospheric), precipitation treatments, shrubland ecosystems, soil cores, soil moisture, soil sciences, soil volumetric water content, southeastern Utah, vegetation, warm-season drought treatments, Fewer tags CO2 concentrations and microbial biomass data derived from incubation experiments on soils collected at Arches National Park in 2017 and 2018 These data were compiled to improve our understanding of how water, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) interact to regulate below ground carbon cycling. Objective(s) of our study were to evaluate how soil heterotrophic carbon cycling responded to inputs of water, C, N, and P individually and interactively on the Colorado Plateau. These data represent soil microbial and CO2 respiration responses to amendments of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and water. Soils were collected at a study site located in Arches National Park in southeastern Utah on 14 August 2017 and again on 17 July 2018 from the upper 10 cm of the soil profile in open spaces among plant canopies after the biological soil crust layer (< 1... Categories: Data; Tags: Arches National Park, Botany, CO2 respiration, Colorado Plateau, Ecology, All tags... Geography, Information Sciences, Moab, Soil Sciences, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Utah, biogeochemical cycling, biological soil crusts, biota, carbon, carbon cycling, carbon dioxide, carbon flux, climate change, data release, dryland ecosystem, geoscientificInformation, heterotrophic soil respiration, laboratory experiments, microbial biomass, nitrogen, nutrients, phosphorus, resource limitation, soil efflux, soil incubation experiments, soil profile, soil resources, soil respiration, southeastern Utah, stoichiometry, terrestrial ecosystems, water, Fewer tags Collection, analysis, and age-dating of sediment cores from salt marshes on the south shore of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, from 2013 through 2014 The accretion history of fringing salt marshes located on the south shore of Cape Cod is reconstructed from sediment cores collected in low and high marsh vegetation zones. These marshes are micro-tidal, with a mean tidal range of 0.442 m. Their location within protected embayments and the absence of large rivers results in minimal sediment supply and a dominance of organic matter contributions to sediment peat. Age models based on 210-lead and 137-cesium are constructed to evaluate how vertical accretion and carbon burial rates have changed over the past century. The continuous rate of supply age model was used to age date 11 cores (10 low marsh and 1 high marsh) across four salt marshes. Both vertical accretion... Categories: Data; Tags: 137-cesium, 210-lead, Barnstable County, Cape Cod, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, All tags... Eel Pond, Environmental Health, Falmouth, Geochemistry, Great Pond, Hamblin Pond, Sage Lot Pond, Soil Sciences, United States of America, Waquoit Bay, Water Quality, Water Resources, accretion rate, carbon, carbon burial, carbon isotope analysis, elevation, geoscientificInformation, high marsh, location, low marsh, nitrogen, oceans, piston coring, radiometric dating, salt marsh elevation, sea-level change, sedimentation, soil chemistry, Fewer tags Maquoketa River Floodplain Connectivity Research reports Report on research that has shown that management of river connectivity of channels to floodplains is an effective mitigation strategy to remove nutrients, sediment, and carbon from river flows. The confluence of the Maquoketa and Mississippi Rivers is a unique site because: 1) the Maquoketa River carries some of the highest documented sediment and nutrient loads in the Upper Mississippi River (Garrett 2013, Robertson et al 2009); 2) the delta at the confluence with the Mississippi River is heavily managed by a State-Federai-NGO partnership and includes several Habitat Rehabilitation Projects designed to enhance fish and wildlife production and recreational access; 3) a recent nonreparable break in the levy near... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Academics & scientific researchers, Conservation NGOs, Data Acquisition and Development, Datasets/Database, EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > LANDSCAPE, All tags... Federal resource managers, Gulf hypoxia, IA-01, Iowa, LCC Network Science Catalog, Maquoketa River, Methodology/Protocol, Mississippi River, Pilot/Case Study, Report, Socio-economics/Ecosystem Services, State agencies, Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife Refuge, carbon, completed, ecosystem services, environment, environment, floodplain connectivity, nutrient, sediment, Fewer tags Dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen release from boreal Holocene permafrost and seasonally frozen soils of Alaska Permafrost (perennially frozen) and active-layer (seasonally thawed) soils varying in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content and radiocarbon age were collected from three sites in interior Alaska to determine potential release of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved N (TDN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) upon thaw. Soil cores were cut into 15 cm thick sections, and deep active-layer (15-30 cm above the permafrost boundary) and shallow permafrost (15-30 cm below the permafrost boundary) sections were thawed and leached with deionized water. Soil leachates were analyzed for DOC, TDN, nitrate (NO3-), and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations, dissolved organic matter... Categories: Data; Tags: Alaska, Ecology, Soil Sciences, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Water Quality, All tags... boreal, carbon, carbon-14 analysis, environment, nitrogen, permafrost, water chemistry, Fewer tags Water quality, quantity, and gas fluxes of the Upper Mississippi River basin (WY 2012-2016) This product consists of one tabular dataset and associated metadata of water quality information related to rivers, streams, and reservoirs in the Upper Mississippi River watershed between 2012 and 2016. This data release is a part of a national assessment of freshwater aquatic carbon fluxes. Data consist of organic and inorganic carbon related species, carbon dioxide and methane gas fluxes calculated from manual chamber measurements, nitrogen species, carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, cations, anions, trace metals, and various in situ measurements including: pH, water temperature, air temperature, barometric pressure, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, fluorescent dissolved organic matter, and specific conductance.... Categories: Data, Project; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Carbon, Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter (fDOM), Minnesota, Shingobee, Shingobee Headwaters Aquatic Ecosystems Project, All tags... Shingobee River Headwaters Region, Surface Water Quality, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Upper Mississippi River Basin, Upper Mississippi River Basin Project, WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY, Wisconsin, air temperature, alkalinity, aluminum, ammonium, atmospheric carbon dioxide, atmospheric methane, barium, boron, calcium, carbon dioxide (water), carbon dioxide (water), carbon dioxide flux, carbon isotopes, chloride, deuterium, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence index, greenhouse gas flux, hydrophilic organic acid, hydrophobic organic acid, hydrophobic organic neutral, inorganic carbon, magnesium, manganese, methane flux, nitrate, organic carbon, oxygen isotopes, pH (water), potassium, silicon dioxide, sodium, specific conductance, strontium, sulfate, sulfur, total dissolved nitrogen, total iron, transphilic organic acid, turbidity, ultraviolet-visible absorbance, water quality, water temperature, Fewer tags Data from a reactive transport modeling study of cave seepage water chemistry Karst systems are useful for examining spatial and temporal variability in Critical Zone processes because they provide a window into the subsurface where waters have interacted with vegetation, soils, regolith, and bedrock across a range of length and time scales. The majority of Critical Zone research has emphasized silicate lithologies, which are typified by relatively slow rates of reactivity and incongruent weathering. However, weathering of carbonate dominated lithology can result in secondary mineral deposits, such as speleothems, which provide a long-term archive for Critical Zone processes. Examination of carbon isotope variability in speleothems has the potential to provide records of changes in vegetation,... Categories: Data; Tags: Blue Springs Cave, Tennessee, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), White County, carbon, All tags... cave, elemental chemistry, geoscientificInformation, isotopes, karst, none, radiocarbon, soil, trace elements, Fewer tags Stable carbon and oxygen isotope paleoclimate records of U.S. Geological Survey-collected samples from Devils Hole and Devils Hole Cave 2, Nevada In support of paleoclimatology investigations, samples of mammillary calcite, calcitic folia, and flowstone were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Devils Hole and Devils Hole Cave 2, Nevada, between 1983 and 1996. These samples came from about 60 m below to 9 m above the modern water table in these caverns. To determine δ18O and δ13C time series spanning the interval 567.7–4.5 ka, more than a thousand samples were milled and analyzed for their δ18O and δ13C values. To determine time-series ages, more than a hundred samples were analyzed using uranium-series dating. Many of these measurement results have not been published. Herein, we provide previously unpublished δ13C and δ18O values, and we provide unpublished... Categories: Data; Tags: Death Valley National Park, Devils Hole, Devils Hole Cave 2, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), carbon, All tags... cave, geologic dating, isotope geochemistry, light stable isotope analysis, oxygen, Fewer tags Invasive Grasses Cheatgrass and Medusahead Yield Responses to Sucrose in Experimental Plots in the Northern Great Basin, USA Dataset, 2005-2006 Comma-separated values (.csv) files containing data related to plant biomass and seed production responses of invasive Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) and Taeniatherum caput-medusae (medusahead) to varying sucrose treatments. Categories: Data; Tags: Botany, Ecology, Land Use Change, Snake River Plain, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), All tags... carbon, eastern Oregon, environment, northern Great Basin, plants (organisms), western Idaho, Fewer tags Static chamber gas fluxes and carbon and nitrogen isotope content of age-dated sediment cores from a Phragmites wetland in Sage Lot Pond, Massachusetts, 2013-2015 Coastal wetlands are major global carbon sinks, however, they are heterogeneous and dynamic ecosystems. To characterize spatial and temporal variability in a New England salt marsh, static chamber measurements of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes were compared among major plant-defined zones (high marsh dominated by Distichlis spicata and a zone of invasive Phragmites australis) during 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Two sediment cores were collected in 2015 from the Phragmites zone to support previously reported core collections from the high marsh sites (Gonneea and others 2018). Collected cores were up to 70 cm in length with dry bulk density ranges from 0.04 to 0.33 grams per cubic centimeter and carbon content 22.4%... Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: 137-cesium, 210-lead, Cape Cod (606914), Commonwealth of Massachusetts (606926), Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model, All tags... Ecology, Masphee (615624), Sage Lot Pond (616458), United States of America, accretion rate, age model, biota, carbon, carbon burial, carbon isotope analysis, coastal processes, ecological processes, ecological restoration, elevation, environment, geoscientificInformation, inlandWaters, invasive species, location, nitrogen, oceans, piston coring, plot sampling, radiometric dating, salt marshes, sea-level change, sedimentation, soil chemistry, wetland ecosystems, wetland functions, wetland soils, wetlands, Fewer tags Soil depth affects simulated carbon and water in the MC2 dynamic global vegetation model - journal article Climate change has significant effects on critical ecosystem functions such as carbon and water cycling. Vegetation and especially forest ecosystems play an important role in the carbon and hydrological cycles. Vegetation models that include detailed belowground processes require accurate soil data to decrease uncertainty and increase realism in their simulations. The MC2 DGVM uses three modules to simulate biogeography, biogeochemistry and fire effects, all three of which use soil data either directly or indirectly. This study includes a correlation analysis of the MC2 model to soil depth by comparing a subset of the model’s carbon and hydrological outputs using soil depth data of different scales and qualities.... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Carbon, Climate change, Correlation analysis, DGVM, LCC Network Science Catalog, All tags... Publication, Soil, Vegetation model, completed, journal article, Fewer tags Soil and pneumatophore CO2 flux data by nutrient treatment (N, P) for mangroves of Ding Darling NWR, Sanibel Island, Florida (2020) This study evaluated CO2 flux from soils and pneumatophores of Avicennia germinans mangrove trees subjected to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization versus an unfertilized control with a basin mangrove ecosystem. Data were collected twice, once in the summer (June 2020) and once in the winter (November 2020) and will be used to help develop a carbon budget for basin mangroves on Sanibel Island, Florida. These data were presented as part of an M.S. Thesis (Florida Atlantic University, Natalie T. Faron, 2021), entitled “The impact of nutrient loading on the soil and root respiration rates of Florida mangroves”. Categories: Data; Tags: Avicennia germinans, CO2 flux, Ecology, Florida, Sanibel Island, All tags... USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States of America, biota, carbon, soils, Fewer tags Carbon and Nitrogen Content of Organic Soils in Lake-Margin Wetlands of the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge This dataset is a single comma-delimited text file (.csv). Data include the name of lakes where samples were obtained, soil core dimensions, bulk density, and carbon/nitrogen content of soil core samples within the organic soil horizon in lake-margin wetland plant communities. Categories: Data; Tags: Alaska, Biogeochemical cycles, Biota, Carbon, Environment, All tags... Lake drying, Landscape ecology, Nitrogen, Nutrient cycling, Soil carbon storage, Terrestrial ecosystems, Wetland ecosystems, Yukon Flats, Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge, Fewer tags The Tundra in Transition Webinar by Don Spalinger Presented by Don Spalinger & Nathan WolfThis seminar focuses on our concepts of regulation of nutrient flows through tundra ecosystems and the effect that climate (or weather) has on these processes. Nutrient flow and climate, in turn, should regulate plant phenology and production, and thus caribou behavior and nutrition. We will present some ideas for assessing the landscape patterns of these processes and monitoring their impacts. Finally, we will provide examples of such assessment and monitoring processes from our work in Western Alaska over the past two years.​ Categories: Data; Tags: ALPINE/TUNDRA, ALPINE/TUNDRA, CARBON, CARBON, CARBON CYCLE/CARBON BUDGET MODELS, All tags... CARBON CYCLE/CARBON BUDGET MODELS, EVEN-TOED UNGULATES, EVEN-TOED UNGULATES, Federal resource managers, HERBIVORY, HERBIVORY, LANDSCAPE PROCESSES, LANDSCAPE PROCESSES, LCC Network Science Catalog, LICHENS, LICHENS, NITROGEN, NITROGEN, NITROGEN, NITROGEN, NUTRIENTS, NUTRIENTS, ORGANIC MATTER, ORGANIC MATTER, SOIL ABSORPTION, SOIL ABSORPTION, SOIL FERTILITY, SOIL FERTILITY, SOIL PRODUCTIVITY, SOIL PRODUCTIVITY, SOIL RESPIRATION, SOIL RESPIRATION, SOIL TEMPERATURE, SOIL TEMPERATURE, State agencies, Tribes, VEGETATION COVER, VEGETATION COVER, VEGETATION COVER, VEGETATION COVER, Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative data.gov, biota, biota, completed, environment, environment, presentation, Fewer tags Continuous water-quality data for selected streams in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, water years 2011—19 (ver. 2.0, January 2022) Note: this data release has been superseded by version 3.0, available here: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9R29VUZ. This data release contains water-quality and discharge data collected at seven stream sites and one groundwater spring in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 10/1/2010 to 9/30/2019 using in-situ sensors and field meters. Data were collected for the purpose of quantifying downstream transport of aquatic carbon and exchange fluxes of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂) from streams. Parameters include daily mean discharge, dissolved CO₂, water temperature, atmospheric pressure, dissolved oxygen, fluorescent dissolved organic matter (fDOM), nitrate, specific conductance,... Categories: Data; Tags: CO₂, Colorado, Rocky Mountain National Park, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), atmospheric and climatic processes, All tags... carbon, evasion, geoscientificInformation, surface water (non-marine), Fewer tags Federal Lands Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sequestration in the United States: Estimates 2005-14 - Data Release This dataset includes ten years of emissions and sequestration estimates (2005-2014) in two separate tables, 1) the combustion and extraction of fossil fuels on Federal lands and 2) processes from the ecosystems on those Federal lands. The fossil fuel related estimates include the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), and the ecosystems estimates include only CO2. The results are presented by State and year, including the Pacific and Gulf offshore areas in the fossil fuel associated estimates. In addition to total emissions, the estimates are broken into categories by the sector of the economy where the combustion or extraction related emissions occurred or the biologic process... Categories: Data; Tags: Climatology, Energy Resources, Environmental Health, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), United States of America, All tags... air pollution, atmospheric composition, carbon, carbon sequestration, ecosystems, energy resources, fires, greenhouse gases, industrial pollution, land use land cover, natural resource extraction, transportation, Fewer tags 1 2 3 4 5 »