December 2014 deployment (CHC14) - China Camp marsh sediment transport investigation

Time-series data of water depth, velocity, turbidity, and temperature were collected in San Pablo Bay and China Camp Marsh as part of the San Francisco Bay Marsh Sediment Experiments. Several instruments were deployed in tidal creek, marsh, mudflat, and Bay locations, gathering data on water depth, velocity, salinity/temperature, and turbidity. Deployment data are grouped by region (Bay channel (main Bay), Bay shallows, tidal creek, or marsh/mudflat/upper tidal creek). Users are advised to check metadata and instrument information carefully for applicable time periods of specific data, as individual instrument deployment times vary. Marsh sediment transport experiment at China Camp - deployment of December 2014...

Categories: Data; Tags: CMG, CMGP, CTD measurements, California, China Camp, All tags... Coastal and Marine Geology, Coastal and Marine Geology, Marin County, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Pablo Bay, SF Bay, CA, Shallow-water habitat, TIDAL HEIGHT, Tidally influenced/coastal/beach, Tidally influenced/coastal/beach, U.S. Geological Survey, USGS, Water Depth, Water Pressure, Water temperature, coastal, conductivity, current measurements, currents, inlandWaters, marsh sediment, physical oceanography, sediment transport, tidal shallows, time-series datasets, turbidity, water level measurements, wave measurements, wave observations, wetland, wind waves, Fewer tags

Bathymetric DEM of the Sacramento River, from the Feather River to Knights Landing, California in February 2011

This part of the data release presents a digital elevation model (DEM) created from bathymetry data collected on February 1, 2011, in the Sacramento River from the confluence of the Feather River to Knights Landing. The data were collected by the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center (PCMSC) team with collaboration and funding from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This project used interferometric sidescan sonar to characterize the riverbed and channel banks along a 12 mile reach of the Sacramento River, California (River Mile 79 through River Mile 91) to aid in the understanding of fish response to the creation of safe habitat associated with levee restoration efforts in two 1.5 mile reaches of the Sacramento...

Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Bathymetry and Elevation, Echo Sounders, Feather River, GPS (Global Positioning System), Geophysics, All tags... Knights Landing, Sacramento River, Water Depth, Woodland, bathymetry, digital elevation models, elevation, interferometric sonar, levee, multibeam echo sounder, real-time monitoring and reporting, river, sea-floor acoustic reflectivity, sea-floor characteristics, sidescan sonar, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 flood depth and duration projections: 100-year storm in Monterey County

This data contains maximum depth of flooding (cm) in the region landward of the present-day shoreline for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Extreme weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, climate-change effects, erosion, mathematical modeling, ocean waves, waves, wind, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 - Monterey County

This dataset contains projections for Monterey County. CoSMoS makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. CoSMoS v3.1 for Central California shows projections for future climate scenarios (sea-level rise and storms) to provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical storm-hazards information that can be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. Data for Central California covers the coastline from Pt. Conception to Golden Gate Bridge. Methods and...

Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Extreme weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, climate-change effects, erosion, mathematical modeling, ocean waves, waves, wind, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 water level projections: 1-year storm in Santa Cruz County

This data contains model-derived total water levels (in meters) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions) and simulated...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Extreme weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, climate-change effects, erosion, mathematical modeling, ocean waves, waves, wind, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 wave-hazard projections: average conditions in Santa Barbara County

This data contains maximum model-derived significant wave height (in meters) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions)...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 ocean-currents hazards: 20-year storm in San Mateo County

This data contains maximum model-derived ocean currents (in meters per second) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions)...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 water level projections: average conditions in Santa Barbara County

This data contains model-derived total water levels (in meters) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions) and simulated...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 water level projections: 1-year storm in San Luis Obispo County

This data contains model-derived total water levels (in meters) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions) and simulated...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 wave-hazard projections: 100-year storm in San Mateo County

This data contains maximum model-derived significant wave height (in meters) for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average atmospheric conditions)...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 flood depth and duration projections: 20-year storm in San Luis Obispo County

This data contains maximum depth of flooding (cm) in the region landward of the present-day shoreline for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Erosion, Extreme Weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Mathematical Modeling, Ocean Waves, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Mateo County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, Wind, climate-change effects, waves, Fewer tags

CoSMoS v3.1 flood depth and duration projections: 1-year storm in Monterey County

This data contains maximum depth of flooding (cm) in the region landward of the present-day shoreline for the sea-level rise (SLR) and storm condition indicated. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. Projections for CoSMoS v3.1 in Central California include flood-hazard information for the coast from Pt. Conception to the Golden Gate bridge. Outputs include SLR scenarios of 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 5.0 meters; storm scenarios include background conditions (astronomic spring tide and average...

Categories: Data; Types: Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Beaches, CMHRP, Central California, Central California Coast, Climate change, All tags... ClimatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Coastal erosion, Earth sciences, Extreme weather, Floods, Hazards Planning, Ocean Winds, Oceans, PCMSC, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz County, Sea-Level Rise, Sea-level Change, State of California, Storm Surge, Storms, USGS, Water Depth, climate-change effects, erosion, mathematical modeling, ocean waves, waves, wind, Fewer tags

Velocity Mapping Toolbox (VMT) processed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) transect data averaged from 5 meters to Lake bottom (afternoon) on August 18, 2015

This data release supports the following publication: Hittle, Elizabeth, 2017, Longshore Water-Current Velocity and the Potential for Transport of Contaminants: A Pilot Study in Lake Erie from Walnut Creek to Presque Isle State Park Beaches, Erie, Pennsylvania, June and August 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1206 126 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161206. This dataset is Velocity Mapping Toolbox (VMT) processed Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) data. The data was processed with a horizontal averaging of 10 grid nodes (Parsons, D.R., Jackson, P.R., Czuba, J.A., Oberg, K.A., Mueller, D.S., Rhoads, B., Best, J.L., Johnson, K.K., Engel, F., and Riley, J. (2013) Velocity Mapping Toolbox (VMT):...

Categories: Data; Tags: Erie County, Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, Presque Isle State Park, Water Circulation, All tags... Water Depth, Water Velocity, Fewer tags

Lake Superior bathymetric contours (depth in meters)

A bathymetric layer for Lake Superior of unkown origin, obtained from the Great Lakes Information Network (GLIN) at http://gis.glin.net/ogc/services.php.

Tags: bathymetry, great lakes, lake superior, water depth

Nearshore Bathymetry (depth in meters), Ofu and Olosega Islands, American Samoa

Bathymetric data derived from two multipectral IKONOS satellite images are mosaiced to provide near complete coverage of nearshore terrain around the islands. Bathymetry values shallower than 25 m were derived by gauging the relative attenuation of blue and green spectral radiance as a function of depth. A multiple linear regression analysis of linearized blue and green band spectral values against depth determined the variables of y-intercept, blue slope and green slope values. Variables then used in multivariate slope intercept formula to derive depth. Variables were adjusted to improve the statistical accuracy and spatial coverage of the final derived bathymetry product. Digital image processing to derive depths...

Tags: american samoa, bathymetry, ikonos, seafloor, water depth

Site 26 Missouri River Bathymetry and Velocimetry Data at Dual Bridge Structure A4557 on Missouri State Highway 370 near St. Louis, Missouri, October 2010 through May 2016

These data are high-resolution bathymetry (riverbed elevation) and depth-averaged velocities in ASCII format, generated from hydrographic and velocimetric surveys of the Missouri River near dual bridges structure A4557 on Missouri State Highway 370 near St. Louis, Missouri, in 2010, 2011, and 2016. Hydrographic data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam echosounder mapping system (MBMS), which consists of a multibeam echosounder (MBES) and an inertial navigation system (INS) mounted on a marine survey vessel. Data were collected as the vessel traversed the river along planned survey lines distributed throughout the reach. Data collection software integrated and stored the depth data from the MBES and...

Types: Citation; Tags: ADCP, ASCII, Acoustic, Bathymetry, Doppler, All tags... Geology, MO, Missouri, Missouri River, Multibeam, St. Louis, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, USGS, Water Depth, XYZ, bathymetry, bathymetry, elevation, geoscientificInformation, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, inland waters, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, location, oceans, structure, Fewer tags

Site 35 Mississippi River Bathymetry and Velocimetry Data at Structures A4936/A1850 on Interstate 255 near St. Louis, Missouri, October 2008 through May 2016

These data are high-resolution bathymetry (riverbed elevation) and depth-averaged velocities in ASCII format, generated from hydrographic and velocimetric surveys of the Mississippi River near structures A4936/A1850 on Interstate 255 near St. Louis, Missouri, in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2016. Hydrographic data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam echosounder mapping system (MBMS), which consists of a multibeam echosounder (MBES) and an inertial navigation system (INS) mounted on a marine survey vessel. Data were collected as the vessel traversed the river along planned survey lines distributed throughout the reach. Data collection software integrated and stored the depth data from the MBES and the horizontal...

Types: Citation; Tags: ADCP, ASCII, Acoustic, Bathymetry, Doppler, All tags... Geology, MO, Mississippi River, Missouri, Multibeam, St. Louis, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, USGS, Water Depth, XYZ, bathymetry, bathymetry, elevation, geoscientificInformation, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, inland waters, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, location, oceans, structure, Fewer tags

Bathymetric Data at Highway Bridges crossing the Lower Gasconade River after the May 2017 Flood in Central Missouri

These data are currently under revision and will be available again in a few weeks. Please check back in April 2019 or contact Richard J Huizinga for more information. These data are high-resolution bathymetry (riverbed elevation) in ASCII format, generated from hydrographic surveys near six highway bridge structures over the Gasconade River in central Missouri. These sites were surveyed in June 2017 to help identify possible effects from extreme flooding on May 1-2, 2017. At the five downstream sites, hydrographic data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam echosounder mapping system (MBMS), which consists of a multibeam echosounder (MBES) and an inertial navigation system (INS) mounted on a marine survey...

Tags: ASCII, Bathymetry, Gasconade, Gasconade River, Geology, All tags... Geomorphology, Jerome, MO, Missouri, Mount Sterling, Multibeam, Remote Sensing, Rich Fountain, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, USGS, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Vienna, Water Depth, Water Resources, XYZ, bathymetry, elevation, geoscientificInformation, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, inland waters, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, location, oceans, structure, Fewer tags

Bathymetric Data at Highway Bridges crossing the Lower Gasconade River after the May 2017 Flood in Central Missouri

These data are high-resolution bathymetry (riverbed elevation) in ASCII format, generated from hydrographic surveys near six highway bridge structures over the Gasconade River in central Missouri. These sites were surveyed in June 2017 to help identify possible effects from extreme flooding on May 1-2, 2017. At the five downstream sites, hydrographic data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam echosounder mapping system (MBMS), which consists of a multibeam echosounder (MBES) and an inertial navigation system (INS) mounted on a marine survey vessel. Data were collected as the vessel traversed the river along planned survey lines distributed throughout the reach. Data collection software integrated and...

Categories: Data Release - Revised; Tags: ASCII, Bathymetry, Gasconade, Gasconade River, Geology, All tags... Geomorphology, Jerome, MO, Missouri, Mount Sterling, Multibeam, Remote Sensing, Rich Fountain, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, USGS, USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC), Vienna, Water Depth, Water Resources, XYZ, elevation, geoscientificInformation, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, inland waters, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, location, oceans, structure, Fewer tags

Site 01 Missouri River Bathymetry and Velocimetry Data at Structure L0098 on U.S. Highway 136 at Brownville, Nebraska, July 2011 through August 2018

These data are high-resolution bathymetry (riverbed elevation) and depth-averaged velocities in ASCII format, generated from hydrographic and velocimetric surveys of the Missouri River near structure L0098 on U.S. Highway 136 at Brownville, Nebraska, in 2011, 2014, and 2018. Hydrographic data were collected using a high-resolution multibeam echosounder mapping system (MBMS), which consists of a multibeam echosounder (MBES) and an inertial navigation system (INS) mounted on a marine survey vessel. Data were collected as the vessel traversed the river along planned survey lines distributed throughout the reach. Data collection software integrated and stored the depth data from the MBES and the horizontal and vertical...

Tags: ASCII, Bathymetry, Brownville, Geology, MO, All tags... Missouri, Missouri River, Multibeam, NE, Nebraska, U.S. Geological Survey, USA, USGS, Water Depth, XYZ, elevation, geoscientificInformation, imageryBaseMapsEarthCover, inland waters, inlandWaters, inlandWaters, location, oceans, structure, Fewer tags