Filters: Tags: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1249 Collection (X)
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Slide description and index card: Timber and mudflow debris, carried by flooding tributary streams that drain the eastern and southeastern slopes of Mount St. Helens, began entering the eastern end of Swift Reservoir about half an hour after the May 18 eruption began. The flood surge reportedly caused by initial rise of about 6 feet at this end of the reservoir in 15 minutes, but the level of the reservoir had been drawn down about 30 feet in anticipation of floods from the mountain. The mudflows poured about 11,000 acre-feet (about 18 million cubic yards) of mud and debris into Swift Reservoir and caused a water-level rise of 2.6 feet throughout the reservoir. Aerial view. Skamania County, Washington. May 20, 1980....
Slide description and index card (60ct and 61ct): Painted views looking from Mount St. Helens northeastward across Spirit Lake toward Mount Rainier before (A) and after (B) the eruptions of May and June 1980. Decades may pass before the barren ridges and log-choked Spirit Lake return to something like their former beauty. However, the coating of ash on Mount Rainier was soon hidden beneath fresh snow. Skamania County, Washington. 1980. (Paintings by Dee Molenaar). Published as Figures 55-A and 55-B, respectively, in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1949. 1982.
Index card: Oblique aerial view looking upstream at former location of bridge shown in photo no. 40ct (cvoa0040_ct). Notice the mud deposits on the overbanks, especially those on the left moving upstream on the road. Cowlitz County, Washington. 1980. (Same as MSH-PP 1249 no. 34ct (msh_1249_00034_ct)). Published as Figure 21-C in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1249. 1982.
Slide description and index card: The "new," shorter Mount St. Helens. B, A painting of the cratered stump of Mount St. Helens as viewed from the northeast. The dashed lines show the height lost (about 1,300 feet) in the May 18 eruption. The painting also shows remnants of Shoestring Glacier, descending from the notch in the left side of the crater rim, and of Forsyth Galcier (right center). Skamania County, Washington. After May 18, 1980. (Painting by Dee Molenaar). Published as Figure 41-B in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1949. 1982.
Index card: Effects of ash from the May 18 eruption of Mount St. Helens on agricultural areas in eastern Washington. Compacted ash 0.75 to 1 inch thick smothered lentil plants in this field about 25 miles south of Spokane. The severe damage to this crop is obvious, but many crops in the "ash belt" produced profitable returns in 1980 despite the ashfall. Near view of person lifting section of dirt showing ash layer on top of soil. Spokane County, Washington. July 1980. (Photo by Earl Baker, U.S. Soil Conservation Service; same as MSH-PP 1249 no. 53ct (msh_1249_00053_ct)). Published as Figure 49-A in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1249. 1982.
Slide description and index card: Aerial photographs of the lava dome that extruded into the crater of Mount St. Helens during the latter part of June 1980.The volcano's dacite lava has a pasty consistency when it is molten, and it tends to pile up rather than to flow laterally. This dome, which was largely destroyed in a subsequent eruption on July 22, 1980, was, at this stage, about 1,200 feet across and 200 feet high. Its rough, shattered appearance resulted mainly from the expansion and shattering of the solidified outer crust as more molten lava was forced upward by the great pressure in the magma chamber underlying the volcano. A, View through the amphitheater mouth from the northeast (direction of view same...
Slide description and index card: The May 18 mudflows from Mount St. Helens reached levels much higher than those of any earlier recorded floods in the major valleys that carried them. (See the highest mud marks on the tree in the foreground and on trees in the right background.) When the mudflows receded, they left angled masses of assorted debris such as this jumble of boulders, branches, and machinery pieces. The rock particles in the mud stripped and abraded the trees left standing and sharpened trailing tree limbs to tapered points. As the mud settled out of the receding floodwater, it filled and buried former depressions and left much of the valley floor "flat as poured concrete." In this view, looking downstream...
Slide description and index card: This shattered tree stump on an exposed ridge about 5 miles north of the crater is striking evidence of the tremendous force of the May 18 lateral balst. The handle of the folding shovel is 1.7 feet long. Skamania County, Washington. August 19. 1980. (Photo by David Frank). Published as Figure 42 in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1949. 1982.
Slide description and index card: Fieldwork in the avalanche deposit. B, USGS geologist Robert L. Christiansen is dwarfed by the jagged landscape formed by debris from the avalanche and a tangle of uprooted trees at this site north of the western lobe of Spirit Lake. The view here is toward the southwest. Skamania County, Washington. May 30, 1980. (Photo by Robert L. Smith). Published as Figure 47-B in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1949. 1982.
Slide description and index card: The avalanche deposit, largely the remains of the bulge mass from Mount St. Helens, included hot parts of the volcano as well as blocks of ice from destroyed glaciers. B, The huge debris avalanche that "uncorked" the lateral blast included ice from five glaciers on Mount St. Helens. Barry Voight of Pennsylvania State University examines this ice block, which was rafted along on the avalanche debris in the North Fork Toutle River valley. A small pond of water was forming as the ice melted in the warm springtime. Another ice block, found closer to the mountain and not shown here, had a diameter of about 300 feet, the length of a football field. Cowlitz County, Washington. June 2,...
Index card: Nearer oblique aerial view of devastation at logging camp on the South Fork Toutle River near its mouth, showing logs, overturned trucks and caterpillars. Cowlitz County, Washington. May 19, 1980. (Same as MSH-PP 1249 no. 32ct (msh_1249_00032_ct). Published as Figure 31-B in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1249. 1982.
Index card: On March 27, 1980, observers saw Mount St. Helens erupt for the first time in 123 years. The eruption, which was preceded by a loud "boom," left a single crater, 200 to 250 feet across, in the snow and ice that capped the volcano's cone. The snow around the crater was coated with volcanic ash, a material that was to become all too familiar to many residents of the Northwest. The arial view here is from the north. Skamania County, Washington. March 27, 1980. (Photo by Austin Post). Published as Figure 10 (photos and captions reversed in publication) in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1949. 1982.
Slide description and index card: Effects of the May 18 mudflows in the vicinity of Mount St. Helens. D, The mudflow in the North Fork Toutle River was dense enough to support heavy machinery and this section of a steel two-lane highway bridge as it carried them downstream. The mudflows moved some of this heavy debris for miles before depositing it at places where the mud lost velocity. This bridge was originally part of the stream crossing shown in photo no. 34ct (msh_1249_00034_ct). Aerial view. Cowlitz County, Washington. May 20, 1980. (Photo by Philip Carpenter). Published as Figure 31-D in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1949. 1982.
Slide description and index card: Volcanic ash from the May 18 eruption of Mount St. Helens blanketed much of eastern Washington and caused great disruption, hardship and economic loss. D, By May 19, the farming community of Ritzville was beginning to dig out from an ashfall of more than 3 inches, at the same time that it was providing emergency accomodations for more than 2,000 stranded travelers. The ash "drifted like snow but did not melt." View shows ashfall on plants and houses, with part of road grader visible at right. Adams County, Washington. May 19, 1980. (Photo by Ronald Hartman, U.S. Soil Conservation Service). Published as Figure 36-D in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1949....
Slide description and index card (60ct and 61ct): Painted views looking from Mount St. Helens northeastward across Spirit Lake toward Mount Rainier before (A) and after (B) the eruptions of May and June 1980. Decades may pass before the barren ridges and log-choked Spirit Lake return to something like their former beauty. However, the coating of ash on Mount Rainier was soon hidden beneath fresh snow. Skamania County, Washington. 1980. (Paintings by Dee Molenaar). Published as Figures 55-A and 55-B, respectively, in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1949. 1982.
Slide description and index card: Aerial view of Mount St. Helens from the west. The symmetry of the cone and its snow cover gave the volcano its nickname, the "Fuji of America," because of its similarity in appearance to the famous Japanese volcano. Mount Adams is in the background. Skamania and Yakima Counties, Washington. October 1977. (Photo by Dee Molenaar). Published as Figure 4, upper photo, in U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 1249. 1982.
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