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This data release is comprised of a set of eight time travel map shapefiles (two tsunami inundation zones and four travel times) for use in GIS software applications and two population exposure by travel time tables (residents and nonresidences) for use in GIS software applications and other standalone spreadsheet applications. The travel time map was generated using the Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst model (version 1.0.1 for ArcGIS 10.5) from the USGS (https://geography.wr.usgs.gov/science/vulnerability/tools.html). The travel time analysis uses ESRI's Path Distance tool to find the shortest distance across a cost surface from any point in the hazard zone to a safe zone. This cost analysis considers the direction...
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This digital elevation model provides a tool for calibrating tsunami risk to observations of the 1945 Makran tsunami in Karachi Harbour. The DEM bathymetry is derived from soundings made mainly during the first eight years after the tsunami. Although deficient in portraying intertidal backwaters and upland topography, the DEM accurately depicts the sheltered setting of one of the two tide gauges that recorded the 1945 tsunami.
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The travel time map was generated using the Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst model (version 1.0.1 for ArcGIS 10.5) from the USGS (https://geography.wr.usgs.gov/science/vulnerability/tools.html). The travel time analysis uses ESRI's Path Distance tool to find the shortest distance across a cost surface from any point in the hazard zone to a safe zone. This cost analysis considers the direction of movement and assigns a higher cost to steeper slopes, based on a table contained within the model. The analysis also adds in the energy costs of crossing different types of land cover, assuming that less energy is expended walking along a road than walking across a sandy beach. To produce the time map, the evacuation surface...
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The travel time map was generated using the Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst model (version 1.0.1 for ArcGIS 10.5) from the USGS (https://geography.wr.usgs.gov/science/vulnerability/tools.html). The travel time analysis uses ESRI's Path Distance tool to find the shortest distance across a cost surface from any point in the hazard zone to a safe zone. This cost analysis considers the direction of movement and assigns a higher cost to steeper slopes, based on a table contained within the model. The analysis also adds in the energy costs of crossing different types of land cover, assuming that less energy is expended walking along a road than walking across a sandy beach. To produce the time map, the evacuation surface...
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This portion of the data release presents radiocarbon age data from 66 samples collected from Anahola Valley (Kaua'i), Kahana Valley (O'ahu), and Pololu Valley (Hawai'i). Sample ages were determined by the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (NOSAMS) facility. The data are provided in a comma-delimited spreadsheet (.csv).
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The travel time map was generated using the Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst model from the USGS (https://geography.wr.usgs.gov/science/vulnerability/tools.html). The travel time analysis uses ESRI's Path Distance tool to find the shortest distance across a cost surface from any point in the hazard zone to a safe zone. This cost analysis considers the direction of movement and assigns a higher cost to steeper slopes, based on a table contained within the model. The analysis also adds in the energy costs of crossing different types of land cover, assuming that less energy is expended walking along a road than walking across a sandy beach. To produce the time map, the evacuation surface output from the model is grouped...
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This dataset contains O'ahu resident count estimates as a function of travel time out of the standard and extreme tsunami-evacuation zones for three different travel speeds (impaired, slow, and fast walk). The data are organized in a manner which permits summarizing or visualizing the data by tsunami-evacuation zone and/or travel time, with communities listed across the top as columns and individual rows representing the number of residents present in the specific evacuation zone/travel time combination. Due to the nature of the methodology used to distribute residential population to structures, resident numbers are not integers. This dataset is intended for use in the U.S. Geological Survey's O'ahu, HI tsunami...
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This dataset contains American Samoa resident count estimates as a function of travel time out of the 2009 and probable maximum tsunami (PMT) inundation zones for four different travel speeds (slow walk, fast walk, slow run, and fast run). The data are organized in a manner which permits summarizing or visualizing the data by village, tsunami-evacuation zone, and/or travel time, with individual rows representing the number of residents present in the specific village/evacuation zone/travel time combination. Due to the nature of the methodology used to distribute residential population to structures, resident numbers are not integers. These data, in tabular format, are intended for use in GIS software applications...
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The travel time map was generated using the Pedestrian Evacuation Analyst model (version 1.0.1 for ArcGIS 10.5) from the USGS (https://geography.wr.usgs.gov/science/vulnerability/tools.html). The travel time analysis uses ESRI's Path Distance tool to find the shortest distance across a cost surface from any point in the hazard zone to a safe zone. This cost analysis considers the direction of movement and assigns a higher cost to steeper slopes, based on a table contained within the model. The analysis also adds in the energy costs of crossing different types of land cover, assuming that less energy is expended walking along a road than walking across a sandy beach. To produce the time map, the evacuation surface...
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This portion of the data release contains information on cores that were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Kahana Valley, O'ahu, Hawaii in 2015 and 2017. Sites were cored in order to describe wetland stratigraphy and to identify potential tsunami deposits. These cores contain mud, peat, fluvial sands, and marine carbonate sands, reflecting deposition in a variety of coastal environments. PDF files describe twenty-four (24) gouge and ‘Russian’ cores (hand held, side-filling peat augers) that were collected and described in the field. Cores collected in 2017 were described using the Troels-Smith sediment classification scheme (Troels-Smith, 1955; Nelson, 2015). Another pdf file (Kahana_cores_legend.pdf) contains...
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This portion of the data release contains information on vibracores that were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in Pololu Valley, Island of Hawai'i in 2014. Five sites were cored in order to describe wetland stratigraphy and to identify potential tsunami deposits. These vibracores contain mud, peat, fluvial sands, and marine volcanic sands, reflecting deposition in a variety of coastal environments. Two (2) pdf files (VC1.pdf, VC2.pdf) describe vibracores that were split, imaged by a line-scanner camera, scanned to generate computed tomagraphic (CT) images, and visually described. A detailed description of the upper 150 cm of VC1 using the Troels-Smith sediment classification scheme (Troels-Smith, 1955; Nelson,...
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This data release contains extent shapefiles for 16 hypothetical slope failure scenarios for a landslide complex at Barry Arm, western Prince William Sound, Alaska. The landslide is likely active due to debuttressing from the retreat of Barry Glacier (Dai and others, 2020) and sits above Barry Arm, posing a tsunami risk in the event of slope failure (Barnhart and others, 2021). Since discovery of the landslide by a citizen scientist in 2020, kinematic structural elements have been mapped (Coe and others, 2020) and ground-based and satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) have been used to track ongoing movement at a high spatial resolution (Schaefer and others, 2020; Schaefer and others, 2022). These efforts have...
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This part of the release provides an updated georeferenced catalog of limestone boulders and cobbles pertaining to extreme waves on Anegada, a low Caribbean island perched south of the Puerto Rico Trench. Tabulated are 660 limestone clasts, along with clast dimensions and long-axis trend in many instances. Fewer than one-fifth of the clasts were reported previously in https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9725-8 and https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01356.1. Most were surveyed in 2017.
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This dataset contains a screen-digitized coastline for Midway Atoll (Sand, Eastern, and Spit Islands) based on a DigitalGlobe WorldView-2 satellite image taken on January 14, 2010. The digitized coastline was not corrected for tide since no digital elevation model was available at the time the image was collected. Like most of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, this coastline is very dynamic and changes considerably from season to season, year to year, as erosion and depsoition of sand are in constant flux.
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This portion of the data release presents sediment grain-size data from samples collected from Anahola Valley, Kaua`i, Hawai`i in November, 2015 (USGS Field Activity 2015-671-FA). 63 sand and mud samples were taken from sediment cores that were collected using a Russian corer (a hand-held, side-filling peat auger) from two site locations. Site locations were determined using a hand-held global navigation satellite system, GNSS. The grain-size distributions of samples were determined using standard techniques developed by the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center sediment lab. The grain-size data are provided in a comma-delimited spreadsheet (.csv). Core ANA15-RC1 BR contained two carbonate sand layers (Sand...
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This part of the release provides an updated georeferenced catalog of coral boulders and cobbles pertaining to extreme waves on Anegada, a low Caribbean island perched south of the Puerto Rico Trench. The main taxa listed are the boulder star coral Orbicella franksii (37 localities), brain coral Pseudodiploria strigosa (171), elkhorn coral Acropora palmata (36), mustard hill coral Porites astreoides (29).
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This release provides inventories of georeferenced evidence pertaining to extreme waves on Anegada, a low Caribbean island perched south of the Puerto Rico Trench: CORAL BOULDERS AND COBBLES -- Derived offshore, found inland. Boulder star coral Orbicella franksii (37 localities), brain coral Pseudodiploria strigosa (171), elkhorn coral Acropora palmata (36), mustard hill coral Porites astreoides (29). LIMESTONE BOULDERS AND COBBLES -- Derived and found onshore (633). MOLLUSCAN SHELLS -- Queen conch Aliger gigas, discarded by precolonial fishers (12 onshore heaps) and by modern fishers (40 offshore heaps); individual conch shells deposited inland by precolonial sea flood (59); tiger lucine Codakia orbicularis, also...
map background search result map search result map Tsunami evacuation time map for the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i, extreme tsunami evacuation zone and fast walk speed Pedestrian evacuation times for residents on the island of O'ahu, Hawai'i, for standard and extreme tsunami evacuation zones by community, modeled at three travel speeds (impaired, slow, and fast walk) Bathymetric and topographic grid intended for simulations of the 1945 Makran tsunami in Karachi Harbour Sediment grain-size distributions of three carbonate sand layers in Anahola Valley, Kaua'i, Hawai'i (ver. 2.0, July 2023) Pedestrian tsunami evacuation results for two tsunami-inundation zones (2009 and probable maximum tsunami (PMT)) and four travel speeds (slow walk, fast walk, slow run, and fast run) for American Samoa Tsunami evacuation time map for American Samoa 2009 tsunami inundation zone and fast walk speed Tsunami evacuation time map for American Samoa 2009 tsunami inundation zone and slow run speed Tsunami evacuation time map for American Samoa 2009 tsunami inundation zone and fast run speed Pedestrian evacuation times for residents on the islands of American Samoa, for 2009 and predicted maximum tsunami (PMT) inundation zones by village, modeled at four travel speeds (slow walk, fast walk, slow run, and fast run) Vibracore photographs, computed tomography scans, and core-log descriptions from Pololu Valley, Island of Hawaii Core descriptions and sand bed thickness data from Kahana Valley, O'ahu, Hawai'i Radiocarbon data from coastal wetlands on the Hawaiian islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i Simulation and visualization of coastal tsunami impacts from the SAFRR tsunami source - Maximum tsunami velocity model of Santa Cruz, California Simulation and visualization of coastal tsunami impacts from the SAFRR tsunami source - Maximum tsunami velocity model of Half Moon Bay, California Simulation and visualization of coastal tsunami impacts from the SAFRR tsunami source - Maximum tsunami elevation model of Half Moon Bay, California Field evidence noted in 2008 to 2023 that pertains to sea floods of the past millennium on Anegada, British Virgin Islands Coral clasts noted in 2008 to 2017 that pertain to sea floods of the past 1,000 years on Anegada, British Virgin Islands Limestone boulders and cobbles noted 2009 to 2017 that pertain to sea floods of the past 1,000 years on Anegada, British Virgin Islands Hypothetical landslide failure extents for hazard assessment, Barry Arm, western Prince William Sound, Alaska Sediment grain-size distributions of three carbonate sand layers in Anahola Valley, Kaua'i, Hawai'i (ver. 2.0, July 2023) Vibracore photographs, computed tomography scans, and core-log descriptions from Pololu Valley, Island of Hawaii Core descriptions and sand bed thickness data from Kahana Valley, O'ahu, Hawai'i Simulation and visualization of coastal tsunami impacts from the SAFRR tsunami source - Maximum tsunami velocity model of Half Moon Bay, California Simulation and visualization of coastal tsunami impacts from the SAFRR tsunami source - Maximum tsunami elevation model of Half Moon Bay, California Hypothetical landslide failure extents for hazard assessment, Barry Arm, western Prince William Sound, Alaska Simulation and visualization of coastal tsunami impacts from the SAFRR tsunami source - Maximum tsunami velocity model of Santa Cruz, California Limestone boulders and cobbles noted 2009 to 2017 that pertain to sea floods of the past 1,000 years on Anegada, British Virgin Islands Coral clasts noted in 2008 to 2017 that pertain to sea floods of the past 1,000 years on Anegada, British Virgin Islands Bathymetric and topographic grid intended for simulations of the 1945 Makran tsunami in Karachi Harbour Field evidence noted in 2008 to 2023 that pertains to sea floods of the past millennium on Anegada, British Virgin Islands Radiocarbon data from coastal wetlands on the Hawaiian islands of Kaua'i, O'ahu, and Hawai'i