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This data set depicts soil characteristics in western North America. The data set was created from NRCS STATSGO soil data. Calculations were made to reduce one to many relationships to one to one relationships in order to summarize average water capacity, depth to rock, salinity, and pH for each map unit (MUID). ArcMap 8.3 was used to import .dbf files and merge newly created attribute fields to the GIS soil coverage.
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This release contains Active Layer Thickness (ALT) and Organic Layer Thickness (OLT) measurements measured along transects in Alaska, 2015. Site condition information in terms of wildfire burns is also included.
This research investigates the interannual variability of soil moisture as related to large-scale climate variability and also evaluates the spatial and temporal variability of modeled deep layer (40?140 cm) soil moisture in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB). A three layers hydrological model VIC-3L (Variable Infiltration Capacity Model ? 3 layers) was used to generate soil moisture in the UCRB over a 50-year period. By using wavelet analysis, deep layer soil moisture was compared to the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), precipitation, and streamflow to determine whether deep soil moisture is an indicator of climate extremes. Wavelet and coherency analysis for the UCRB indicated a strong relationship between...
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Forests of the southern Rocky Mountains are punctuated by persistent meadows called parks that are dominated by grasses and forbs. In an attempt to elucidate the maintenance of subalpine parks in the Gunnison Basin, Colorado, soil texture and tree morphology differences along 60-m transects spanning the forest-park ecotone were studied in 6 representative parks. Seedling survivorship, percent seed germination, and soil moisture available to plants were also studied along one of the transects in Willow Park. Soil analyses revealed 40% more silt and significantly less sand and clay in all 6 parks (P < 0.001), which supports the traditional hypotheses that edaphic factors are involved in restricting establishment of...
This data release includes 2016-2019 soil moisture timeseries for two drainage basins (“Arroyo Seco” and “Dunsmore Canyon”) that burned during the 2009 Station Fire in Los Angeles County, California, USA. The Arroyo Seco (0.01 km2) and Dunsmore Canyon (0.5 km2) drainages include two soil pits, one located near the drainage divide and another near the basin outlet. Following the naming convention established by Smith et al. (2019), we refer to the soil pits near the Arroyo Seco drainage divide and basin outlet as “AS1” and “AS3,” respectively. Similarly, we refer to the soil pits near the Dunsmore Canyon drainage divide and basin outlet as “DC1” and “DC3,” respectively. The coordinates of AS1 and AS3 are, respectively,...
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These datasets contain time series of anomalies, relative to 1950-1999 period, in the annual and seasonal soil moisture (%) and runoff (%) in the Pinyon-Juniper ecosystem of Southwest Colorado for the three future climate scenarios considered in the Social Ecological and Climate Resiliency (SECR) project.
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Fog has been demonstrated to support plant growth, survival and ecosystem maintenance spanning rainfall and elevation gradients across the world. Persistent fog and strong winds on high mountain slopes in Hawaiʻi create a unique ecological environment. We collected stem and basal diameter measurements of three native plant species at Nakula Natural Area Reserve, Maui, from 2016-2019 and numerous environmental variables to examine how rain, fog and soil moisture influence plant water deficit and growth.
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These tabular data were compiled to document how key plant trait values change during plant development, particularly seedling stages, and in relation to soil moisture. An objective of our study was to answer three main research questions: (1) Do seedling trait values differ across early to late stages of seedling development and do those trajectories vary among plant species and functional types (i.e., forbs vs. grasses)?; (2) Does water availability influence seedling ontogenetic trait variation? and, if so, does this variation affect plant species drought performance?; and (3) Do seedling trait values at early stages of development differ from complied trait database values for species? These data represent key...
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As part of a research study in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Army at Fort Irwin National Training Center, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) evaluated unsaturated zone soil property data of cores from a borehole for a newly drilled monitoring well near a dry well and Four-plex baseball field. Cores were continuous from land surface down to 240 feet below land surface and were drilled by consultants to EPA using sonic rotary–a fluidless drilling technique. Data on this page consist of: 1) field drilling notes from USGS and consultants to EPA (GeoSystems Analysis, Inc., Tucson, Arizona); 2) field descriptions of core lithology–including grain size, sorting, color, mineralogy,...
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As part of a larger groundwater research study conducted at the U.S. Army Fort Irwin National Training Center (NTC), located approximately 35 miles north-northeast of Barstow, California, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U.S. Army, and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) have cooperated to evaluate unsaturated zone soil property data of cores from the borehole for a newly drilled monitoring well (ESW2B). Specific horizons of interest were identified and selected for detailed grain-size distribution analysis using the Fritsch Analysette A28 Image Sizer (particle analyzer) located at the USGS California Water Science Center (CAWSC) in San Diego, CA. The particle analyzer identified circularity and...
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We apply a monthly water-balance model (MWBM) to simulate components of the water balance for the period 1950-2099 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the Contiguous United States. We use the statistically downscaled MACAv2-METDATA temperature and precipitation data from 20 General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the Climate Model Intercomparison Program Phase 5 (CMIP5) as input to the water balance model. This dataset supports the USGS National Climate Change Viewer. The statistically downscaled dataset is: MACAv2-METDATA: Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs (Abatzoglou & Brown, 2012, bias corrected by METDATA, Abatzoglou, 2013) Users interested in the downscaled temperature and precipitation files are referred to...
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These data were compiled using a new multivariate matching algorithm that transfers simulated soil moisture conditions (Bradford et al. 2020) from an original 10-km resolution to a 30-arcsec spatial resolution. Also, these data are a supplement to a previously published journal article (Bradford et al., 2020) and USGS data release (Bradford and Schlaepfer, 2020). The objectives of our study were to (1) characterize geographic patterns in ecological drought under historical climate, (2) quantify the direction and magnitude of projected responses in ecological drought under climate change, (3) identify areas and drought metrics with projected changes that are robust across climate models for a representative set of...
This dataset is the largest global dataset to date of soil respiration, moisture, and temperature measurements, totaling >3800 observations representing 27 temperature manipulation studies, spanning nine biomes and nearly two decades of warming experiments. Data for this study were obtained from a combination of unpublished data and published literature values. We find that although warming increases soil respiration rates, there is limited evidence for a shifting respiration response with experimental warming. We also note a universal decline in the temperature sensitivity of respiration at soil temperatures >25°C. This dataset includes 3817 observations, from control (n=1812), first (i.e., lowest or sole) level...
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Variability in sediment properties with depth and the thickness of individual sedimentary layers are critical determinants of seabed acoustic response. The New England Mud Patch (NEMP), located south of Cape Cod, is an unusual feature on the U.S. Continental Shelf in that it is composed of fine-grained sediment layers containing a relatively-homogeneous mix of sand, silt, and clay-sized particles bounded by more typical sandy shelf sediments. The unique characteristics and nature of this deposit is due to a derivation of sediments that have been transported to, and deposited in, a basal bowl-shaped depression since the last glacial maximum. Ninety-two piston, vibra-, and gravity cores with a maximum length of 8.2...
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Geophysical measurements were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at five sites in Interior Alaska in September 2021 for the purposes of imaging permafrost structure and quantifying variations in subsurface moisture content in relation to thaw features. Borehole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data were collected at two sites in order to determine liquid water content at depth in shallow boreholes. NMR data were collected in a 2.25 m-deep borehole at the North Star golf course adjacent to one of the ERT profiles, and in another two 1.625 m-deep boreholes adjacent to Big Trail Lake where previous NMR measurements were made in 2019 and 2020.
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This data release contains monthly 270-meter gridded Basin Characterization Model (BCMv8) climate inputs and hydrologic outputs for Santa Clara River Valley South Bay (SCVSB). Gridded climate inputs include: precipitation (ppt), minimum temperature (tmn), maximum temperature (tmx), and potential evapotranspiration (pet). Gridded hydrologic variables include: actual evapotranspiration (aet), climatic water deficit (cwd), snowpack (pck), recharge (rch), runoff (run), and soil storage (str). The units for temperature variables are degrees Celsius, and all other variables are in millimeters. Monthly historical variables from water years 1896 to 2019 are summarized into water year files and long-term average summaries...
We enhanced the agro-hydrologic VegET model to include snow accumulation and melt processes and the separation of runoff into surface runoff and deep drainage. Driven by global weather datasets and parameterized by land surface phenology (LSP), the enhanced VegET model was implemented in the cloud to simulate daily soil moisture (SM), actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and runoff (R) for the conterminous United States (CONUS) and the Greater Horn of Africa (GHA). Evaluation of the VegET model with independent data showed satisfactory performance, capturing the temporal variability of SM (Pearson correlation r: 0.22–0.97), snowpack (r: 0.86–0.88), ETa (r: 0.41–0.97), and spatial variability of R (r: 0.81–0.90). Absolute...
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A monthly water-balance model (MWBM) is applied to simulate components of the water balance for the period 1950-2100 under ssp245, ssp370, and ssp585 scenarios for the Contiguous United States. The statistically downscaled LOCA2 temperature and precipitation projections from 27 GCMs from the Climate Model Intercomparison Program Phase 6 (CMIP6) are use as input to the water balance model. This data set supports the USGS National Climate Change Viewer (ver. 2). The statistically downscaled data set is: CMIP6-LOCA2: Localized Constructed Analogs (Pierce et al. 2023, bias corrected by a modified version of Livneh et al. 2013) Users interested in the downscaled temperature and precipitation files are referred to the...
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The Monthly Projected Soil Moisture at Bottom Layer (SMBT) data sets are part of the downscaled global climate models created for the 2008 California climate change assessment. These files are made from daily data and are monthly mean values in millimeters. SMBT layers have been created through a Bias Corrected Statistical Downscaling (BCSD) approach and are currently available for the cnrmcm3, gfdlcm21, ncarccsm3, and ncarpcm1 models under the A2 and B1 scenarios. The BCSD data cover 31.9375N to 43.9375N and 124.5625W to 113.0625W. The VIC grid is a 1/8th degree grid so this makes a "box" of 93 longitudes by 97 latitudes. The VIC computations are done over land only. For the 93x97 box there would be a total of...
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at two sites in Interior Alaska in September 2019 for the purposes of imaging permafrost structure and quantifying variations in subsurface moisture content in relation to thaw features. First, ERT data were collected at Big Trail Lake, a thermokarst lake outside of Fairbanks, Alaska, to quantify permafrost characteristics beneath the lake and across its shorelines. Three 222 m ERT survey lines were collected perpendicular to the North, East, and South shorelines, and two 110 m lines were collected parallel to the southeast and northeast shorelines. Models of electrical resistivity produced from these data revealed...
map background search result map search result map Persistence of subalpine forest--meadow ecotones in the Gunnison Basin, Colorado Cal-Adapt Monthly Projected Soil Moisture at Bottom Layer (1950-2099) Average STATSGO Soil Characteristics for the Western United States Permafrost Soil Measurements; Alaska, 2015 Time Series of the Anomalies in Soil Moisture and Runoff Between 1950-2099 for the Pinyon-Juniper Ecosystem of Southwest Colorado Under Three Future Climate Scenarios Field characteristics and photos of core materials from a monitoring well site near a dry well and Four-plex baseball field, Fort Irwin National Training Center, San Bernardino County, California, 2019-2020 Particle-size distributions of core samples collected from the borehole for monitoring well ESW2B at Fort Irwin National Training Center, San Bernardino County, California Alaska permafrost characterization: Electrical Resistivity Tomography Data & Models from 2019 Soil moisture monitoring following the 2009 Station Fire, California, USA, 2016-2019 Plant trait and soil moisture data associated with ontogenetic trait shifts - seedlings display high trait variability during early stages of development Summary of analytical data for sediment cores from the New England Mud Patch collected on USGS Field Activity 2016-001-FA Potential Evapotranspiration Santa Clara River Valley South Bay Monthly BCMv8 Plant growth measurements across three native species in a cloud-affected restoration site at Nakula, Maui, 2016-2019 High-resolution maps of historical and 21st century ecological drought metrics using multivariate matching algorithms for drylands of western U.S. and Canada Alaska permafrost characterization: Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data collected in 2021 CMIP6 LOCA2 Monthly Water Balance Model Projections 1950-2100 for the Contiguous United States - Potential Evapotranspiration Particle-size distributions of core samples collected from the borehole for monitoring well ESW2B at Fort Irwin National Training Center, San Bernardino County, California Field characteristics and photos of core materials from a monitoring well site near a dry well and Four-plex baseball field, Fort Irwin National Training Center, San Bernardino County, California, 2019-2020 Plant trait and soil moisture data associated with ontogenetic trait shifts - seedlings display high trait variability during early stages of development Plant growth measurements across three native species in a cloud-affected restoration site at Nakula, Maui, 2016-2019 Alaska permafrost characterization: Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) data collected in 2021 Alaska permafrost characterization: Electrical Resistivity Tomography Data & Models from 2019 Summary of analytical data for sediment cores from the New England Mud Patch collected on USGS Field Activity 2016-001-FA Time Series of the Anomalies in Soil Moisture and Runoff Between 1950-2099 for the Pinyon-Juniper Ecosystem of Southwest Colorado Under Three Future Climate Scenarios Santa Clara River Valley South Bay Monthly BCMv8 Persistence of subalpine forest--meadow ecotones in the Gunnison Basin, Colorado Permafrost Soil Measurements; Alaska, 2015 Cal-Adapt Monthly Projected Soil Moisture at Bottom Layer (1950-2099) Average STATSGO Soil Characteristics for the Western United States High-resolution maps of historical and 21st century ecological drought metrics using multivariate matching algorithms for drylands of western U.S. and Canada Potential Evapotranspiration CMIP6 LOCA2 Monthly Water Balance Model Projections 1950-2100 for the Contiguous United States - Potential Evapotranspiration