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Decentralised bioenergy systems are receiving increasing attention due to the potential ability to support local development, create local employment, and contribute to climate change mitigation. These issues, along with other bioenergy sustainability issues, are reviewed through eighteen international case studies with the objective of identifying opportunities and threats to decentralised bioenergy systems. The case studies were selected based on feedstock type, bioenergy type, production capacity, synergistic alliances, ownership structure and physical locations. This variation was used to provide a basis for evaluating opportunities and threats from different contexts. Commercial viability remains the primary...
This article offers a critical review of eight tradable permit markets: water permits at Fox River, Wisconsin; the U.S. leaded gasoline phase-out; sulfur dioxide credits under the U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990; the Regional Clean Air Incentives Market (RECLAIM) for controlling ozone and acid rain in Southern California; renewable energy credit trading at the regional level in the United States; individual transferrable quotas for fisheries at the national level in New Zealand; carbon credits traded under the European Union-Emissions Trading Scheme; and carbon offsets permitted under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol. By "critical" the article does not fully weigh the costs and benefits...
This article presents an application of a risk assessment approach in characterising the risks associated with safety violations in underground bituminous mines in Pennsylvania using the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) citation database. The MSHA database on citations provides an opportunity to assess risks in mines through scrutiny of violations of mandatory safety standards. In this study, quantitative risk assessment is performed, which allows determination of the frequency of occurrence of safety violations (through associated citations) as well as the consequences of them in terms of penalty assessments. Focus is on establishing risk matrices on citation experiences of mines, which can give early...
In this paper part of an investigation is described into risks for climate change which are presently not adequately covered in General Circulation Models. The investigation included the interaction with biogeochemical cycles, the effects of clouds and aerosols, ice flow instability, albedo instability and modified ocean circulation. In this paper our results for clouds and aerosols and for biogeochemical cycles are reported.
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Clouds,
Risk,
aerosols,
biogeochemical,
climate change,
This study evaluates the environmental impact of the cement production and its variations between different cement plants, using Life Cycle Impact Assessment. For that purpose, details of the cement production processes are investigated in order to show the respective part of raw materials preparation and clinker production using environmental impacts calculated with CML01 indicators. For the kiln emission data, a European pollutant emission register for French intensive industries is used to quantify the variability of indicators between cement plants. For the CML01 indicators that are controlled by kiln emissions, some of them (i.e. global warming, photochemical oxidation) show variations between cement plants...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: County,
Environmental,
Environmental hazard,
San Luis Obispo,
betrayal,
Subaerial landslides at the head of Barry Arm Fjord in southern Alaska could generate tsunamis (if they rapidly failed into the Fjord) and are therefore a potential threat to people, marine interests, and infrastructure throughout the Prince William Sound region. Knowledge of ongoing landslide movement is essential to understanding the threat posed by the landslides. Because of the landslides' remote location, field-based ground monitoring is challenging. Alternatively, periodic acquisition and interferometric processing of satellite-based synthetic aperture radar data provide an accurate means to remotely monitor landslide movement. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) uses two Synthetic Aperture...
This map summarizes information presented in the other chapters of the report, including background information on the Bureau of Land Management and Rapid Ecoregional Assessments (REAs), and the REA components that are addressed by the Wyoming Basin REA. In addition, we provide two-page summaries for each Change Agent (development, invasive species, fire, and climate change) and Conservation Element (species and communities) assessed by the Wyoming Basin REA. The REA?s provide an assessment of 1) baseline conditions for long-term monitoring of broad-scale conditions and trends; 2) landscape-level intactness of ecological communities, habitats for priority species, and the ecoregion overall; and 3) a predictive capacity...
This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The Clean and Plentiful Water category in this web service includes layers illustrating the ecosystems and natural resources that filter and regulate water, the need or demand for clean and plentiful water, the impacts associated with water quality, and factors that place stress on water quality and supply. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States. Additional descriptive information about each attribute in this web service is located within each web...
This EnviroAtlas web service supports research and online mapping activities related to EnviroAtlas (https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas). The Food, Fuel, and Materials category in this web service includes layers illustrating the ecosystems and natural resources that provide or support the production of food, fuel, or other materials, the need or demand for these items, the impacts associated with their presence and accessibility, and factors that place stress on the natural environment's capability to provide these benefits. EnviroAtlas allows the user to interact with a web-based, easy-to-use, mapping application to view and analyze multiple ecosystem services for the conterminous United States. Additional descriptive...
Description: The upper Gila River in New Mexico is one of the few unobstructed rivers in the Colorado River Basin with largely intact native fish populations, including four federally listed and one state listed species.Freshwater systems throughout the West continue to be threatened by human encroachment and water development. Methodologies or decision support tools to evaluate resource management practices that foster an understanding of how fish species adapt to the effects of climate change are critical to future resource management planning.
Categories: Data,
Publication;
Types: Citation,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2011,
AZ-01,
AZ-02,
Academics & scientific researchers,
Applications and Tools,
A seismic hazard model for South America, based on a smoothed (gridded) seismicity model, a subduction model, a crustal fault model, and a ground motion model, has been produced by the U.S. Geological Survey. These models are combined to account for ground shaking from earthquakes on known faults as well as earthquakes on un-modeled faults. This data set represents the results of calculations of hazard curves for a grid of points with a spacing of 0.1 degrees in latitude and longitude. This particular data set is for peak ground acceleration with a 10 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years.
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil,
Chile,
Colombia,
The introduction of biofuels from biomass for transport purposes in an energy system model shows that bioethanol and vegetable oil can compete with oil products without subsidies provided prices of imported energy carriers are high, i.e. crude oil prices around $ 100/bbl. About half of the biomass will be used for motor fuel substitutes, whose share of the final energy in the transportation sector will increase to 10% in 2030. This gives rise to a nearly 9% drop in CO2 emissions in the transportation sector as compared to an emission balance where all real local emissions are fully counted. Despite a strong enhancement of biomass and biomass fuels and quite high prices for oil and gas up to 2030, BtL products like...
Agricultural residues are abundantly available in energy deficient developing countries. Many of the agricultural residues are considered as waste, and their energy potential has not been realized in energy recovery schemes. Coutilization of agricultural residues in existing coal fired power plants can help in producing clean energy, disposing of waste, and increasing the income of the rural population. Sheameal, cotton stalk, sugar cane bagasse, and wood chips were cofired with coal in 5, 10, and 15% thermal fractions in a 20 kW down-fired combustor. The combustion behavior of the blends of biomass-coal was examined. It was found that agricultural residues can be used as a potential substitute fuel and can help...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Bioaccumulation,
Bioavailability,
Cobalt,
Environmental variability,
Risk,
This paper estimates the social rate of return to research and development (R&D) in the energy manufacturing industry. Our model tries to quantify the positive contribution that lagged R&D has on total factor productivity (TFP) growth in the manufacturing of coal, petroleum products and nuclear fuel for a number of OECD countries. Using a panel of data from the OECD STAN database we are able to obtain results suggesting that R&D has a positive and significant rate of return that varies for each country.
In this study, we simulate global CO2 emissions and their reduction potentials in the industrial sector up to the year 2030. Future industrial CO2 emissions depend on changes in both technology and industrial activity. However, earlier bottom-up analyses mainly focused on technology change. In this study, we estimate changes in both technology and industrial activity. We developed a three-part simulation system. The first part is a macro economic model that simulates macro economic indicators, such as GDP and value added by sector. The second part consists of industrial production models that simulate future steel and cement production. The third part is a bottom-up type technology model that estimates future CO2...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Promotion,
decision,
efficiency,
energy,
investments,
The process whereby hydrogeologists interpret the available information to produce a justifiable set of simplifying assumptions to describe a groundwater system is called conceptual modelling. Although this process is inherent in all hydrogeological assessments and can therefore be regarded as synonymous with hydrogeological practice there are no standard specifications for it. A framework for conceptual modelling has been designed to both assist in the planning and process of the work and to provide an audit trail to facilitate independent scrutiny. The application of this framework is illustrated by two case histories, one of a small-scale investigation for a proposed cemetery and the other of an investigation...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Groundwater,
conceptual model,
environmental assessment,
hydrogeology,
impact assessment,
This article presents an application of a risk assessment approach in characterising the risks associated with safety violations in underground bituminous mines in Pennsylvania using the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) citation database. The MSHA database on citations provides an opportunity to assess risks in mines through scrutiny of violations of mandatory safety standards. In this study, quantitative risk assessment is performed, which allows determination of the frequency of occurrence of safety violations (through associated citations) as well as the consequences of them in terms of penalty assessments. Focus is on establishing risk matrices on citation experiences of mines, which can give early...
This article presents an application of a risk assessment approach in characterising the risks associated with safety violations in underground bituminous mines in Pennsylvania using the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) citation database. The MSHA database on citations provides an opportunity to assess risks in mines through scrutiny of violations of mandatory safety standards. In this study, quantitative risk assessment is performed, which allows determination of the frequency of occurrence of safety violations (through associated citations) as well as the consequences of them in terms of penalty assessments. Focus is on establishing risk matrices on citation experiences of mines, which can give early...
This dataset reflects coral reef locations classified by estimated threat. The threat estimates is marine-based pollution.
A seismic hazard model for South America, based on a smoothed (gridded) seismicity model, a subduction model, a crustal fault model, and a ground motion model, has been produced by the U.S. Geological Survey. These models are combined to account for ground shaking from earthquakes on known faults as well as earthquakes on un-modeled faults. This data set represents the results of calculations of hazard curves for a grid of points with a spacing of 0.1 degrees in latitude and longitude. This particular data set is for horizontal spectral response acceleration for 0.2-second period with a 50 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years.
Categories: Data;
Types: Citation,
Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil,
Chile,
Colombia,
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