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There are a number of ways that climate change is beginning to impact wildlife. Temperature increases and changes in precipitation can directly affect species, depending on their physiology and tolerance of environmental changes. Climate change can also alter a species' food supply or its reproductive timing, which indirectly affecting its fitness. Understanding these interactions is an important step in developing management strategies to help species survive the changing climate.
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A Coupled Hydrosphere Atmosphere Research Model was developed that predicted vertical water temperature profiles, ice cover, and precipitation within 40-km grids and lake levels for Lakes Huron between 2058 and 2066. In this data set, daily predicted water temperature profiles are summarized for four regions in Lake Huron (north: North of 45 degrees N; central: between 43 degrees 55 minutes N and 45 degrees N; south: south of 43 degrees 55 minutes N; south-shallow: only areas less than <40 m bottom depth and south of 43 degrees 55 minutes N). Model output was driven by the Canadian CRCM3 GCM and assumed SRES A2 scenario greenhouse gas concentrations.
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It is well understood that plant phenology is sensitive to climate, however it is not so clear exactly how climate change might alter the spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation phenology. Satellite remote sensing offers a unique vantage point from which to observe phenological cycles across large regions. Although ubiquitous, cycles of green-up and brown-down are complex and exhibit great variability across space and time. Herbivore species such as elk, moose, and deer depend on the availability of herbaceous plants and deciduous shrubs for forage. These vegetation types are most nutritious for herbivores from early season to peak green-up, so characterizing vegetation cycles, or phenology, over the long term...
We modeled the current and future breeding ranges of seven bird and five reptile species in the Southwestern United States with sets of landscape, biotic (plant), and climatic global circulation model (GCM) variables. For modeling purposes, we used PRISM data to characterize the climate of the Western United States between 1980 and 2009 (baseline for birds) and between 1940 and 2009 (baseline for reptiles). In contrast, we used a pre-selected set of GCMs that are known to be good predictors of southwestern climate (five individual and one ensemble GCM), for the A1B emission scenario, to characterize future climatic conditions in three time periods (2010–39; 2040–69; and, 2070–99). Our modeling approach relied on...
Density estimates of four mammal species in the upper subalpine and alpine zones of the Sierra Nevada range, 2008 - 2012. The estimates were derived from variable distance data collected 3-4 times per year at point count stations randomly located along line transects. There were 21 transects (10 km in length) that had been randomly selected from a pool of 53 potential routes, with 10 point count stations along each transect (minimum of 200 m spacing between stations). 45 stations were sampled in 2008 (5 stations on each of 9 transects), 60 stations were sampled in 2009 (5 stations on each of 12 transects),190 stations were sampled in 2010 (10 stations on each of 19 transects), 210 stations were sampled in 2011 (10...
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Climate often drives ungulate population dynamics, and as climates change, some areas may become unsuitable for species persistence. Unraveling the relationships between climate and population dynamics, and projecting them across time, advances ecological understanding that informs and steers sustainable conservation for species. Using pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) as an ecological model, we used a Bayesian approach to analyze long-term population, precipitation, and temperature data from 18 populations in the southwestern United States. We determined which long-term (12 and 24 months) or short-term (gestation trimester and lactation period) climatic conditions best predicted annual rate of population growth...
On July 4th, the first Independence Day fireworks will shoot into the sky reflecting off the nearby lake or river, making that familiar pop! pop! sound throughout the night. With all the exciting pyrotechnics, it’s easy to overlook the fish living just under the water’s surface. Freshwater fish may seem impervious to the outside world under their protective layer of water, but climate change is already having major impacts on fish both around the world and right here in our backyards and communities. With 2014 being Earth’s warmest year on record since 1880, climate change is an ever-present threat to freshwater environments. Changes in temperatures and precipitation levels are already having major impacts on fish...
Abstract (from http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/282/1799/20142454): Hybridization between native and non-native species has serious biological consequences, but our understanding of how dispersal and selection interact to influence invasive hybridization is limited. Here, we document the spread of genetic introgression between a native ( Oncorhynchus clarkii) and invasive ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) trout, and identify the mechanisms influencing genetic admixture. In two populations inhabiting contrasting environments, non-native admixture increased rapidly from 1984 to 2007 and was driven by surprisingly consistent processes. Individual admixture was related to two phenotypic traits associated with fitness:...
Abstract (from http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0148795): Arid climates have unpredictable precipitation patterns, and wildlife managers often provide supplemental water to help desert ungulates endure the hottest, driest periods. When surface water is unavailable, the only source of water for ungulates comes from the forage they consume, and they must make resourceful foraging decisions to meet their requirements. We compared two desert bighorn sheep ( Ovis canadensis nelsoni) populations in Arizona, USA: a treatment population with supplemental water removed during treatment, and a control population. We examined whether sheep altered their seasonal diets without supplemental water....
Abstract (from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00028487.2012.734892#.VDw7ExYXNyg): Predicting the distribution of native stream fishes is fundamental to the management and conservation of many species. Modeling species distributions often consists of quantifying relationships between species occurrence and abundance data at known locations with environmental data at those locations. However, it is well documented that native stream fish distributions can be altered as a result of asymmetric interactions between dominant exotic and subordinate native species. For example, the naturalized exotic Brown Trout Salmo trutta has been identified as a threat to native Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis in the eastern...
Abstract (from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.3092/full): Earthquake-generated tsunamis threaten coastal areas and low-lying islands with sudden flooding. Although human hazards and infrastructure damage have been well documented for tsunamis in recent decades, the effects on wildlife communities rarely have been quantified. We describe a tsunami that hit the world's largest remaining tropical seabird rookery and estimate the effects of sudden flooding on 23 bird species nesting on Pacific islands more than 3,800 km from the epicenter. We used global positioning systems, tide gauge data, and satellite imagery to quantify characteristics of the Tōhoku earthquake-generated tsunami (11 March 2011)...
The Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies (COAPS) Regional Downscaling Data Server consists of two main components: downscaling of Global Reanalyses for the period 1979-2000 and downscaling of Global Climate Models for the periods 1968-2000 and 2038-2070. Variables for model output include temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind etc.
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Freshwater is a critical driver for island ecosystems and essential part of the water cycle in tropical islands, which is threaten by climate change. Changes in streamflow patterns may impact streams, estuarine, and coastal habitats. In Hawai‘i, these habitats support five native stream fish species. To examine how changes in streamflow have impacted habitat quality for these native aquatic species, an ongoing project has been examining statewide long-term stream records. This study will examine historical extreme weather patterns, including flood and drought, to describe the characteristics and flow patterns of stream habitats in Hawaiʻi. This information will then be associated with observed fish populations...
Abstract (from http://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/ES15-00266.1): Climate often drives ungulate population dynamics, and as climates change, some areas may become unsuitable for species persistence. Unraveling the relationships between climate and population dynamics, and projecting them across time, advances ecological understanding that informs and steers sustainable conservation for species. Using pronghorn ( Antilocapra americana) as an ecological model, we used a Bayesian approach to analyze long-term population, precipitation, and temperature data from 18 populations in the southwestern United States. We determined which long-term (12 and 24 months) or short-term (gestation trimester and lactation period)...
Climate change will alter ecosystems worldwide and ultimately lead to changes in biological communities and loss of both aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity (Xenopolous et al. 2005, Thomas et al. 2004, Hari et al. 2006). In response to anticipated changes, management agencies are increasingly calling for development of proactive conservation strategies (Heller and Zavaleta 2009, Hagerman et al. 2010). On high elevation tropical Pacific Islands that support perennial streams, including the five main Hawaiian Islands, amphidromous stream organisms require continuous flows to facilitate their migration between stream and ocean habitats. In the Hawaiian Islands, rainfall sustains stream base flows (Lau and Mink 2006),...
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This climate and vegetation index dataset was collected from readily available open source data, such as Landsat. The data represents points across the northern Colorado plateau. The vegetation type was defined based on U.S. Geological Survey ReGAP data. Using compositing techniques by season we developed a dataset of lag and legacy for each point. We could then look to understand how both lag and legacy impacted vegetation production across the time series. In this dataset we focus on the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), the standardized precipitation and evapotranspiration index (SPEI), and precipitation. Included in this dataset are climate lags of 3,6,9 and 12 months. Additionally, the legacy construct...
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As resource managers, policy makers, and citizens grapple with the effects of climate change, the demand for more usable or “actionable” science has increased. One promising approach to developing scientific information that can be easily and readily applied to management and policy decisions is to have scientists and decision makers work together to produce information. This approach, often referred to as the “co-production of knowledge”, integrates the background, experience, and know-how of each group to develop the scientific information that will be most useful to society. This project will test an approach to knowledge co-production by introducing a trained social scientist to a co-produced drought-related...
map background search result map search result map Water Temperature Profiles from CHARM for Lake Huron The Effects of Drought on Vegetation Phenology and Wildlife Producing Usable Science: Testing the Effectiveness of Stakeholder Engagement in Climate Research Stream temperature data from Willow-Whitehorse and Little Blitzen watersheds, southeast Oregon, 2011-2015 Impact of Drought on Southwestern Pronghorn Population Trends and Predicted Trajectories in the Southwest in the Face of Climate Change Dataset for climate legacy and lag effects on dryland plant communities in the southwestern U.S. Filling the Knowledge Gaps: Extreme Weather Driven Changes in Streamflow Patterns and their Impacts on Fish in Hawaiian Streams Stream temperature data from Willow-Whitehorse and Little Blitzen watersheds, southeast Oregon, 2011-2015 Dataset for climate legacy and lag effects on dryland plant communities in the southwestern U.S. Water Temperature Profiles from CHARM for Lake Huron The Effects of Drought on Vegetation Phenology and Wildlife Impact of Drought on Southwestern Pronghorn Population Trends and Predicted Trajectories in the Southwest in the Face of Climate Change Producing Usable Science: Testing the Effectiveness of Stakeholder Engagement in Climate Research Filling the Knowledge Gaps: Extreme Weather Driven Changes in Streamflow Patterns and their Impacts on Fish in Hawaiian Streams