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Publication: Fragmentation and drying ratchet down Great Plains stream fish diversity Stream fragmentation alters the structure of aquatic communities on a global scale, generally through loss of native species. Among riverscapes in the Great Plains of North America, stream fragmentation and hydrologic alteration (flow regulation and dewatering) are implicated in the decline of native fish diversity. This study documents the spatio–temporal distribution of fish reproductive guilds in the fragmented Arkansas and Ninnescah rivers of south-central Kansas using retrospective analyses involving 63 years of fish community data. Pelagic-spawning fishes declined throughout the study area during 1950–2013, including Arkansas River shiner (Notropis girardi) last reported in 1983, plains minnow (Hybognathus... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: CATFISHES/MINNOWS, Colorado, Colorado, FISH, Federal resource managers, All tags... GPLCC, GPLCC, Gene Flow, Gene Flow, Great Plains, Great Plains, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Habitat Modeling, Habitat Modeling, Kansas, Kansas, LCC Network Science Catalog, Landscape Genetics, Landscape Genetics, Nebraska, Nebraska, New Mexico, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, Plains Fish, Plains Fish, Prairie Rivers and Streams, Prairie Rivers and Streams, Publication, RIVERS/STREAM, Regional & county planners, State agencies, Stream Fragmentation, Stream Fragmentation, Texas, Texas, Wyoming, Wyoming, biota, completed, data.gov Great Plains LCC, environment, inlandWaters, Fewer tags A population genetic analysis of the midget faded rattlesnake in Wyoming Little is known about the population biology of midget faded rattlesnakes, a sensitive subspecies of the Western Rattlesnake, despite conservation efforts to protect them. We conducted a molecular genetic study of midget faded rattlesnakes in southwestern Wyoming to investigate population genetic structure in this area, particularly with reference to Flaming Gorge Reservoir and its associated human activities, and to document levels of genetic diversity. We genotyped 229 snakes from 11 sampling sites using 9 microsatellite loci. We found significant levels of genetic structure among sites that were better explained by geographic region and isolation by distance than by position relative to waterways. Sites on either... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Conservation Genetics, Crotalus oreganus concolor, Gene flow, Genetic diversity, Microsatellites, All tags... Midget faded rattlesnake, Fewer tags Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Microsatellite DNA Data; Pacific Coast of North America, 2000-2009 This data set contains genetic information collected from eelgrass (Zostera marina) populations along the Pacific coast of North America from Alaska to Baha California. A total of 447 samples were collected comprising 401 unique individuals (genets) and 46 clones (ramets) from which 10 microsatellite DNA loci were obtained. Categories: Data; Types: Citation; Tags: Angiosperms (Flowering Plants), AquaticEcosystems, Bahia Magdelena, Bahia San Quintin, Biological Classification, All tags... Biosphere, Coastal Habitat, Ecological Dynamics, Estero Punta Banda, Evolutionary Adaptation, Gene Flow, Genetic Diversity, Genetic Structure, Izembek Lagoon, Kinzarof Lagoon, Kuskokwim Shoals, Monocots, Montague Island, Monterey Bay, Nakwasina Bay, Plants, Safety Sound, Saint Catherine Cove, Seagrass, Shallow Bay, Simeonof Island, Species/Population Interactions, Togiak Bay, Unga Island, Wide Bay, Yaquina Bay, biota, Fewer tags Publication: Fragmentation and dewatering transform Great Plains stream fish communities Biodiversity in stream networks is threatened globally by interactions between habitat fragmentation and altered hydrologic regimes. In the Great Plains of North America, stream networks are fragmented by 19,000 anthropogenic barriers, and flow regimes are altered by surface water retention and groundwater extraction. We documented the distribution of anthropogenic barriers and dry stream segments in five basins covering the central Great Plains to assess effects of broad-scale environmental change on stream fish community structure and distribution of reproductive guilds. We used an information-theoretic approach to rank competing models in which fragmentation, discharge magnitude, and percentage of time streams had... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: CATFISHES/MINNOWS, Colorado, Colorado, FISH, Federal resource managers, All tags... GPLCC, GPLCC, Gene Flow, Gene Flow, Great Plains, Great Plains, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Habitat Modeling, Habitat Modeling, Kansas, Kansas, LCC Network Science Catalog, Landscape Genetics, Landscape Genetics, Nebraska, Nebraska, New Mexico, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, Plains Fish, Plains Fish, Prairie Rivers and Streams, Prairie Rivers and Streams, Publication, RIVERS/STREAM, Regional & county planners, State agencies, Stream Fragmentation, Stream Fragmentation, Texas, Texas, Wyoming, Wyoming, biota, completed, data.gov Great Plains LCC, environment, inlandWaters, Fewer tags Publication: Water availability strongly impacts population genetic patterns of an imperiled Great Plains endemic fish Genetic, demographic, and environmental processes affect natural populations synergistically, and understanding their interplay is crucial for the conservation of biodiversity. Stream fishes in metapopulations are particularly sensitive to habitat fragmentation because persistence depends on dispersal and colonization of new habitat but dispersal is constrained to stream networks. Great Plains streams are increasingly fragmented by water diversion and climate change, threatening connectivity of fish populations in this ecosystem. We used seven microsatellite loci to describe population and landscape genetic patterns across 614 individuals from 12 remaining populations of Arkansas darter ( Etheostoma cragini) in... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Climate Change, Colorado, Colorado, Fisheries Management, GPLCC, All tags... Gene Flow, Great Plains, Great Plains, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative, LCC Network Science Catalog, Landscape Genetics, Plains Fish, Prairie Rivers and Streams, Publication, completed, data.gov Great Plains LCC, Fewer tags A multilocus population genetic survey of the greater sage-grouse across their range The distribution and abundance of the greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have declined dramatically, and as a result the species has become the focus of conservation efforts. We conducted a range-wide genetic survey of the species which included 46 populations and over 1000 individuals using both mitochondrial sequence data and data from seven nuclear microsatellites. Nested clade and STRUCTURE analyses revealed that, in general, the greater sage-grouse populations follow an isolation-by-distance model of restricted gene flow. This suggests that movements of the greater sage-grouse are typically among neighbouring populations and not across the species, range. This may have important implications if... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Colorado, Molecular Ecology, allele frequency data, centrocercus, cladistic analysis, All tags... evolutionarily significant units, gene flow, genetic diversity, greater sage grouse, haplotypes, microsatellite, microsatellites, mtdna, nested clade analysis, phenotypic associations, region, sequence data, Fewer tags Separating the effects of habitat area, fragmentation, and matrix resistance on genetic differentation in complex landscapes . Synopsis: This paper aimed to quantify the relative importance of habitat area and configuration, as well as the contrast in resistance between habitat and non-habitat, on genetic differentiation patterns. Using spatially explicit, individual-based simulation modeling, researchers found that habitat configuration had stronger relationships with genetic differentiation than did habitat area. The pattern of habitat in a landscape will affect the distribution of the population and the degree of connectivity across it, resulting in differential patterns of gene flow. Researchers also evaluated the predictive ability of six widely used landscape metrics and found that patch cohesion and correlation length of habitat... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Landscape fragmentation, Natural cover amount, area, configuration, configuration, All tags... connectivity, fragmentation, gene flow, landscape genetics, landscape structure, limiting factors, model based, n/a, n/a, simulation thresholds, Fewer tags Highways block gene flow and cause a rapid decline in genetic diversity of desert bighorn sheep The rapid expansion of road networks has reduced connectivity among populations of flora and fauna. The resulting isolation is assumed to increase population extinction rates, in part because of the loss of genetic diversity. However, there are few cases where loss of genetic diversity has been linked directly to roads or other barriers. We analysed the effects of such barriers on connectivity and genetic diversity of 27 populations of Ovis canadensis nelsoni (desert bighorn sheep). We used partial Mantel tests, multiple linear regression and coalescent simulations to infer changes in gene flow and diversity of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers. Our findings link a rapid reduction in genetic diversity (up to... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Ecology Letters, Gene flow, Ovis canadensis, genetic diversity, habitat fragmentation, All tags... metapopulation, road, Fewer tags Gene flow and genetic characterization of Northern goshawks breeding in Utah Adult movement and natal dispersal data demonstrate that Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) are able to travel over long distances, suggesting a large functional population. However, these data are unable to determine whether these movements contribute to gene flow among adjacent breeding areas. We used eight microsatellite DNA loci and mitochondrial DNA control-region sequence data to assess population structure of Northern Goshawks breeding in Utah. Goshawks had moderate levels of genetic variation at microsatellite loci (observed heterozygosity = 50%), similar to levels found in other medium-sized, highly mobile birds. Overall estimates of interpopulation variance in microsatellite alleles (FST = 0.011) and... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Accipiter gentilis, Cooper Ornithological Society, Northern Goshawk, The Condor, gene flow, All tags... microsatellite loci, population structure, Fewer tags Phylogeography of spotted owl (Strix occidentalis) populations based on mitochondrial DNA sequences: Gene flow, genetic structure, and a novel biogeographic pattern Mitochondrial DNA control region sequences of spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) allowed us to investigate gene flow, genetic structure, and biogeographic relationships among these forest-dwelling birds of western North America. Estimates of gene flow based on genetic partitioning and the phylogeography of haplotypes indicate substantial dispersal within three long-recognized subspecies. However, patterns of individual phyletic relationships indicate a historical absence of gene flow among the subspecies, which are essentially monophyletic. The pattern of haplotype coalescence enabled us to identify the approximate timing and direction of a recent episode of gene flow from the Sierra Nevada to the northern coastal... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Evolution, Unpubl. ms, aves, biogeography, coalescent, All tags... control region, gene flow, mtdna, phylogeography, strix occidentalis, Fewer tags Implications of anthropogenic landscape change on inter-population movements of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) In the Sonoran Desert of North America, populations of the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) occur in rocky foothills throughout southwestern Arizona and northwestern Mexico. Although tortoise populations appear to be isolated from each other by low desert valleys, individuals occasionally move long distances between populations. Increasingly, these movements are hindered by habitat fragmentation due to anthropogenic landscape changes. We used molecular techniques and radiotelemetry to examine movement patterns of desert tortoises in southern Arizona. We collected blood samples from 170 individuals in nine mountain ranges and analyzed variability in seven microsatellite loci to determine genetic differentiation... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Conservation Genetics, Gopherus agassizii, conservation, desert tortoise, gene flow, All tags... microsatellite, Fewer tags Population fragmentation and inter-ecosystem movements of grizzly bears in western Canada and the northern United States. Conclusions: Grizzly bear population fragmentation corresponded to the presence of settled mountain valleys and major highways. In these disturbed areas, the inter-area movements of female bears was affected more than for male bears. Without female connectivity, small subpopulations of grizzly bears are not viable over the long term. Thresholds/Learnings: Females grizzlies reduced their movement rates drastically when settlement increased to >20% of a given area. In highly settled areas (>50% settlement), both sexes demonstrated similar reductions in movement. Synopsis: Researchers studied the current state and potential causes of population fragmentation in grizzly bears over western Canada, the Greater Yellowstone... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: Alberta, British Columbia, Canadian Rockies, Chilcotin Ranges and Fraser Plateau, Clear Hills and Western Alberta Upland, All tags... Coastal Western Hemlock, Columbia Mountains/Northern Rockies, Crown of the Continent/Greater Yellowstone Ecoregion, DNA, Demographic fragmentation, Land use configuration, Landscape fragmentation, Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains, Middle Rockies, Montana, Peel River and Nahanni Plateaus, Sitka Spruce Forests, Skeena-Omineca-Central Canadian Rocky Mountains, Ursus arctos, Watson Highlands, Wyoming, Yukon-Stikine Highlands/Boreal Mountains and Plateaus, climate change, female connectivity, gene flow, grizzly bears, inter-area movement, meso-regional, microsatellites, population assignment,population fragmentation, population fragmentation, radio telemetry, species at risk, terrestrial mammals, Fewer tags Publication: Comparative riverscape genetics reveals reservoirs of genetic diversity for conservation and restoration of Great Plains fishes We used comparative landscape genetics to examine the relative roles of historical events, intrinsic traits and landscape factors in determining the distribution of genetic diversity of river fishes across the North American Great Plains. Spatial patterns of diversity were overlaid on a patch-based graphical model and then compared within and among three species that co-occurred across five Great Plains watersheds. Species differing in reproductive strategy (benthic vs. pelagic-spawning) were hypothesized to have different patterns of genetic diversity, but the overriding factor shaping contemporary patterns of diversity was the signature of past climates and geological history. Allelic diversity was significantly... Categories: Data, Publication; Types: Citation, Map Service, OGC WFS Layer, OGC WMS Layer, OGC WMS Service; Tags: CATFISHES/MINNOWS, Colorado, Colorado, FISH, Federal resource managers, All tags... GPLCC, GPLCC, Gene Flow, Gene Flow, Great Plains, Great Plains, Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative, Habitat Modeling, Habitat Modeling, Kansas, Kansas, LCC Network Science Catalog, Landscape Genetics, Landscape Genetics, Nebraska, Nebraska, New Mexico, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oklahoma, Plains Fish, Plains Fish, Prairie Rivers and Streams, Prairie Rivers and Streams, Publication, RIVERS/STREAM, Regional & county planners, State agencies, Stream Fragmentation, Stream Fragmentation, Texas, Texas, Wyoming, Wyoming, biota, completed, data.gov Great Plains LCC, environment, inlandWaters, Fewer tags Morphological and genetic variation among populations of the rare Kachina daisy ( Erigeron kachinensis ) from southeastern Utah Erigeron kachinensis, the Kachina daisy, is a rare species restricted to canyons in southeastern Utah. The species is known to exhibit low fecundity due to low percent fertilization of ovules and high percent abortion of fertilized ovules. Previous reproductive studies suggest that low fecundity is a consequence of small population size and inbreeding depression. This study examines genetic diversity within and among populations of E. kachinensis in Natural Bridges National Monument using enzyme electrophoresis. Field populations are found to have significantly different morphologies. However, morphological differences were less pronounced among populations grown in the greenhouse. The Kachina daisy exhibits levels... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Erigeron, Western North American Naturalist, fleabane, gene flow, genetic variability, All tags... heterozygosity, Fewer tags Population genetics of Gunnison sage-grouse: implications for management The newly described Gunnison sage-grouse (Centrocercus minimus) is a species of concern for management because of marked declines in distribution and abundance due to the loss and fragmentation of sagebrush habitat. This has caused remaining populations to be unusually small and isolated. We utilized mitochondrial DNA sequence data and data from 8 nuclear microsatellites to assess the extent of population subdivision among Gunnison sage-grouse populations in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah, USA. We found a high degree of population structure and low amounts of gene flow among all pairs of populations except the geographically adjacent Gunnison and Curecanti populations. Population structure for Gunnison... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Centrocercus minimus, Colorado, Gunnison sage-grouse, Journal of Wildlife Management, The Wildlife Society, All tags... Utah, gene flow, genetic diversity, microsatellites, mitochondrial DNA, Fewer tags Population structure of Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) is strongly affected by the landscape Landscape features such as mountains, rivers, and ecological gradients may strongly affect patterns of dispersal and gene flow among populations and thereby shape population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories. The landscape may have a particularly strong effect on patterns of dispersal and gene flow in amphibians because amphibians are thought to have poor dispersal abilities. We examined genetic variation at six microsatellite loci in Columbia spotted frogs (Rana luteiventris) from 28 breeding ponds in western Montana and Idaho, USA, in order to investigate the effects of landscape structure on patterns of gene flow. We were particularly interested in addressing three questions: (i) do ridges act as barriers... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation, Journal Citation; Tags: Columbia spotted frog, Molecular Ecology, Rana luteiventris, dispersal, effective population size, All tags... gene flow, landscape genetics, microsatellite, Fewer tags Combining demographic and genetic factors to assess population vulnerability in stream species Abstract: Accelerating climate change and other cumulative stressors create an urgent need to understand the influence of environmental variation and landscape features on the connectivity and vulnerability of freshwater species. Here, we introduce a novel modeling framework for aquatic systems that integrates spatially-explicit, individual-based, demographic and genetic (demogenetic) assessments with environmental variables. To show its potential utility, we simulated a hypothetical network of 19 migratory riverine populations (e.g., salmonids) using a riverscape connectivity and demogenetic model (CDFISH). We assessed how stream resistance to movement -- a function of water temperature, fluvial distance, and... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Connectivity, Dispersal, Fish, Gene flow, Genetic diversity, All tags... Northwest CASC, Rivers, Streams and Lakes, Salvelinus confluentus, Vulnerability Assessments, Water, Coasts and Ice, Wildlife and Plants, genetic differentiation, landscape genetics, population viability, risk maps, stream barrier, stream networks, Fewer tags Landscape Influence on Gene Flow in Greater Sage-Grouse: Conservation Actions Through Cores and Corridors Habitat and population fragmentation were among the primary factors contributing to the recent U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service decision that listing greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter sage-grouse) was warranted but currently precluded by higher priority actions. Increasingly, current management is focused on core or priority areas containing the highest densities of breeding birds with little regard to understanding connectivity within and among areas. The most fundamental objective of species conservation is to first identify and subsequently maintain a set of viable and connected populations. Therefore, if management emphasis on core areas is to be successful for long-term conservation, it... Categories: Publication; Types: Citation; Tags: Birds, Corridors, Grasslands and Plains, Greater Sage-Grouse, Landscapes, All tags... Northwest CASC, Wildlife and Plants, conservation, gene flow, landscape, Fewer tags