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ABSTRACT. Since the original 1997 discovery of ancient hunting implements in melting alpine ice patches of southern Yukon, approximately 146 well-preserved, organic artifacts have been recovered. Most of the artifacts, variously made of antler, bone, wood, and stone, represent complete or partial examples of throwing-dart (atlatl) and bow-and-arrow technology. Radiocarbon dates obtained thus far range from 8360 BP to 90 BP (uncalibrated). Our research indicates that in southern Yukon, throwing-dart technology persisted from at least 8360 BP to approximately 1250 BP, when it was abruptly replaced by bow-and-arrow technology. The collection has afforded archaeologists and First Nation researchers a unique opportunity...
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Interior Alaska's Healy Lake archaeological locality contains a cultural sequence spanning 13 500 years, beginning with some of the oldest known human occupations in Alaska. From 2011 to 2014, we conducted archaeological excavations at the Linda's Point site. Detailed recording has clearly separated the lowest cultural component at the site and begun to clarify the contentious culture history of the Healy Lake area. The lower component, associated with a thick paleosol, contains multiple hearths, debitage, and small triangular points similar to those seen at the Healy Lake Village site. The upper silt deposits contain a variety of lithic tool types within a dense scatter of debitage and bone fragments spanning a...
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In this thesis, Schaeffer Creek Campsite (MlVm-6), located in the Old Crow Flats, northern Yukon Territory, is identified as a possible cold weather short-term campsite dating to the 1920s. This discovery is significant, as few archaeological sites in the region have been identified as cold weather occupations. A discussion of cold weather behaviour and adaptations from oral history research and ethnography complement the analysis. The purpose of this study is to dispel the idea that life during cold weather is harsh and intolerable. The discussion and analysis add to the corpus of knowledge of archaeological sites in the area as well as an understanding of behaviour and technological adaptations during cold weather,...
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In recent decades, climate change has been invoked in the apparent collapse of some of the best-known examples of cyclic and synchronous population dynamics among boreal species. Simultaneously, some studies have predicted that as species' ranges shift poleward and southern habitats fragment in response to climate change, we will lose the southern glacial refugial populations that have historically harbored species' highest genetic diversity and uniqueness. I investigated how climate change and habitat fragmentation may impact genetic and population dynamic processes for the snowshoe hare ( Lepus americanus ), a species historically recognized as a key driver of North American boreal community dynamics. I collected...
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This dissertation is a three-part study of the linguistic and cultural features of historical accounts in Kaska, an Athabaskan language spoken in the southern Yukon and northern British Columbia, Canada. The first part of this study is an analysis of the specific linguistic and cultural characteristics of the narratives. Part 2 is a grammar of Kaska that focuses on the sound system, lexical categories, and morphological structure. In part 3, the narratives are presented in Kaska and Tlingit with English translations, together with information about the narrators. In part 1, point of view in Kaska is analyzed from two different perspectives, one focusing on the language of the narratives, and the other focusing on...
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The early prehistory of the Susitna River region, near the place where three major rivers, the Susitna, Talkeetna, and the Chulitna, converge, provides important regional information about the movement of small-scale foraging societies in southcentral Alaska as well as specific data concerning lithic use. Since 2004, ongoing research at the Trapper Creek Overlook (TCO) and Susitna River Overlook (SRO) sites has revealed three primarily lithic artifact assemblages from stratigraphically sealed cultural occupations spanning the early to middle Holocene (ca. 10,000-5000 cal B.P.). Radiocarbon, tephrochronology, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating techniques provide context for interpreting these sites...
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Dena'ina oral tradition indicates that the antecedent worldview brought with the migrating Athabascan Dena'ina into the Cook Inlet Basin and the Lake Clark/Iliamna Lake region included dual organization, perhaps moieties, matrilineal descent, a preferential rule for cross cousin marriage, and customs in which on ceremonial occasions guests would perform services for hosts, who recompensed the former with goods. Archaeological and ethnographic evidence is summarized in this thesis that indicates that the Dena'ina communal hunting and gathering and intensive salmon fishing strategy, in combination with borrowed Alutiiq technology, was a successful adaptation to the maritime/riverine environment of the Cook Inlet Basin...
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The Archaic stage was defined as a cultural response to post-Pleistocene landscapes dominated by trees. The Early Holocene produced an open landscape susceptible to colluviation, flooding, and gullying thus placing severe constraints on archaeological site preservation. The paleo-environment surrounding the development of the Northern Archaic can be reconstructed from pan-Alaska proxy records of flooding, loess fall, and soil formation at Onion Portage and Tingmiukpuk, and using a variety of studies of lake levels, glacial expansions, and slope activations, supplemented by loess and dune stratigraphy from the Tanana and Nenana valleys. The development of the Northern Archaic correlates with the retreat of the treeline,...
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Lake Minchumina past and present. A short history of the native village of Tanana, Dichinanek'Hwt'Ana: A history of the people of the upper Kuskokwim who live in Nikolai and Telida, Alaska; Cantwell native village history
map background search result map search result map Plants and habitats- a consideration of Dene ethnoecology in northwestern Canada Late Glacial and Holocene environmental change inferred from sedimentary archives of Kusawa Lake, Boundary Range Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada SUSITNA-WATANA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT CULTURAL RESOURCES DATA GAP ANALYSIS Dena'ina Resistance to Russian Hegemony, Late Eighteenth and Ninetenth Centuries: Cook Inlet, Alaska The Crucible of Early to Mid-Holocene Climate in Northern Alaska: Does Northern Archaic Represent the People of the Spreading Forest? Early Prehistoric Archaeology of the Middle Susitna Valley, Alaska Point of view in Kaska historical narratives Climate change, gene flow, and the legendary synchrony of snowshoe hares Conservation, continuity, and negotiation of a Proto-Athabascan worldview by the Dena'ina Pleistocene archaeology of the Tanana Flats, eastern Beringia Geological and Cultural Context of the Nogahabara i Site The Emerging Archaeology of Glaciers and Ice Patches: Examples from Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve Ethnographic and Archaeological Investigations of Alpine Ice Patches in Southwest Yukon, Canada Schaeffer Creek Campsite (MlVm-6), a Possible Cold Season Site in Southwestern Old Crow Flats, Northern Yukon Territory Denali National Park and Preserve: ethnographic overview and assessment Late Holocene chronology of the Noatak and Kobuk Rivers Lithic Technology at Linda's Point, Healy Lake, Alaska Human paleoecological integration in subarctic eastern Beringia Geological and Cultural Context of the Nogahabara i Site Schaeffer Creek Campsite (MlVm-6), a Possible Cold Season Site in Southwestern Old Crow Flats, Northern Yukon Territory Lithic Technology at Linda's Point, Healy Lake, Alaska Pleistocene archaeology of the Tanana Flats, eastern Beringia Denali National Park and Preserve: ethnographic overview and assessment Late Glacial and Holocene environmental change inferred from sedimentary archives of Kusawa Lake, Boundary Range Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada Late Holocene chronology of the Noatak and Kobuk Rivers SUSITNA-WATANA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT CULTURAL RESOURCES DATA GAP ANALYSIS Early Prehistoric Archaeology of the Middle Susitna Valley, Alaska Point of view in Kaska historical narratives The Crucible of Early to Mid-Holocene Climate in Northern Alaska: Does Northern Archaic Represent the People of the Spreading Forest? The Emerging Archaeology of Glaciers and Ice Patches: Examples from Alaska's Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve Conservation, continuity, and negotiation of a Proto-Athabascan worldview by the Dena'ina Ethnographic and Archaeological Investigations of Alpine Ice Patches in Southwest Yukon, Canada Dena'ina Resistance to Russian Hegemony, Late Eighteenth and Ninetenth Centuries: Cook Inlet, Alaska Human paleoecological integration in subarctic eastern Beringia Climate change, gene flow, and the legendary synchrony of snowshoe hares Plants and habitats- a consideration of Dene ethnoecology in northwestern Canada