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Noise exposure is known to cause hearing loss and a variety of disturbances, such as annoyance, hypertension and loss of sleep. It is generally accepted that these situations are caused by the acoustical events processed by the auditory system. However, there are acoustical events that are not necessarily processed by the auditory system, but that nevertheless cause harm. Infrasound and low frequency noise (ILFN, <500Hz) are acoustical phenomena that can impact the human body causing irreversible organic damage to the organism, but that do not cause classical hearing impairment. Acoustical environments are normally composed of all types of acoustical events: those that are processed by the auditory system, and those...
Wind power is a maturing technology that may form an essential element of fully renewable energy systems in a number of countries. Denmark has a long history of wind power development and is planning to expand its existing capacity. If large-scale penetration of wind power is to be achieved, an integrated framework is needed that can respond to the associated challenges. This paper argues for adopting an integrated macro perspective when evaluating and building frameworks to support wind power development. This macro perspective is applied to the case of Denmark, and more specifically to concrete wind power projects in the region of Northern Jutland. The results suggest that although certain elements in the current...
As wind power development continues at a rapid pace in the United States, there is increasing interest in its economic impacts. Because good wind resources are typically far from electrical loads, wind power plants are often built in rural areas. The economic impacts that arise from building and operating a power plant can be significant but are often not considered by public utility commission processes. Although these impacts vary from state to state because of the differences in wind resource and state infrastructure, economic development from new wind provides important impacts from necessary power system expansion and should play a more prominent role in decision-making processes. This paper uses the National...
As policy makers consider strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, they need to understand the available options and the conditions under which these options become economically attractive. This paper explores the economics of carbon capture and sequestration technologies as applied to electric generating plants. The MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a general equilibrium model of the world economy, is used to model two of the most promising carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies. The CCS technologies are based on a natural gas combined cycle plant and an integrated coal gasification combined cycle plant. Additionally, the role of natural gas combined cycle plants without...
This study was conducted to evaluate the causality between energy consumption, GDP growth and carbon emissions for eight Asia-Pacific countries from 1971 to 2005 using the panel data. The results indicate that there are long-run equilibrium relationships between these variables. Additionally, causality from energy consumption to CO2 emissions was observed generally, but there were some opposite relationships also. Parameter estimations of the panel data model indicate that there are great differences in the carbon emissions, the efficiencies of energy use, carbon emissions of unit GDP and unit energy consumption between developed and developing countries. The base carbon emissions, per capita energy consumption...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: analysis,
communication,
corporate,
economic,
industry,
It is widely recognised that access to and supply of modern energy play a key role in poverty alleviation and sustainable development.The emerging concept of energisation seems to capture this idea, and if implemented in its full complexity it should have multiple beneficial effects. To demonstrate this, an economic model is developed for an urban developmental context, drawing on the theory of urban ecosystems and illustrating energy and waste production and consumption issues with current South African data sets. This new understanding of the concept of energisation is then integrated into a local government energy planning process, by means of a checklist for energy planners, covering 18 aspects that between...
El cambio climático es un problema con características únicas, ya que es de naturaleza global, sus impactos mayores serán en el largo plazo e involucra interacciones complejas entre procesos naturales (fenómenos ecológicos y climáticos) y procesos sociales, económicos y políticos a escala mundial. Dada la importancia del tema, el Instituto Nacional de Ecología, como parte de su misión de generar y difundir información científica y técnica sobre problemas ambientales prioritarios solicitó a un grupo de especialistas de diversas disciplinas que contribuyeran a este libro aportando y compartiendo sus conocimientos y experiencias sobre los aspectos científicos, sociales, económicos e institucionales del cambio climático....
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Mexico,
Spanish,
adaptation,
agriculture,
biodiversity,
About: The beneficial management practices found in this online tool were compiled by experts involved in the Commission for Environmental Cooperation’s (CEC) North American Grasslands: Management Initiatives and Partnerships to Enhance Ecosystem and Community Resilience and Catalyzing North American Grasslands Conservation and Sustainable Use Through Partnerships projects. Around one hundred beneficial management practices were identified through a meta-analysis of publications, reports, and documents regarding grassland stewardship from ranchers, ranching associations, conservation organizations, government programs and academic institutions published between 1993 and 2013. While practices range from the use...
The Geoheritage Sites of the Nation project has been established with the ultimate goal of developing a nationwide geoheritage GIS layer to accompany the 2D and 3D layers of the USGI. Through identification of the societal and educational values of significant geologic features, the USGS can provide relevant, inclusive, and accessible data for formal and informal educational opportunities at all levels to the broader public. By developing standardized selection criteria of geoheritage entities and a beta attribute schema, the Geoheritage Sites of the Nation Project hopes to seed the routine use of a methodology for the inclusion of geoheritage information into the USGI structured in ways that make USGS geologic...
This paper presents information relevant to rule-making for geopressuredgeothermal development on state-owned lands. The analysis is focused on those potential social and economic effects of resource development, if any, which may require special attention during the leasing and permitting process. For the most part, many of the expected socioeconomic impacts are not unique to geothermal development, but are already being felt by residents of the fairways because of ongoing developmental activities. The social and economic impacts likely to result from resource development depend upon characteristics specific to the site and surrounding social and economic systems. Specific impacts and their probability, magnitude,...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Geopressured,
Social,
development,
economic,
energy,
This paper presents information relevant to rule-making for geopressuredgeothermal development on state-owned lands. The analysis is focused on those potential social and economic effects of resource development, if any, which may require special attention during the leasing and permitting process. For the most part, many of the expected socioeconomic impacts are not unique to geothermal development, but are already being felt by residents of the fairways because of ongoing developmental activities. The social and economic impacts likely to result from resource development depend upon characteristics specific to the site and surrounding social and economic systems. Specific impacts and their probability, magnitude,...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: Geopressured,
Social,
development,
economic,
energy,
With the continuing increase in world population, and rising standard of living, more and more water will be necessary to satisfy basic human needs. The global picture with regard to water use and availability is very uneven, and the policy options for major sectoral uses -- rural and urban water supply, agricultural requirements and hydro-electric power generation are explored. The social and environmental implications of water development are briefly discussed. Finally, the question of the availability of adequate water to sustain future world population and development to the year 2000 is analysed. It is concluded that the major problem in the area of water-resources development is not one of the Malthusian spectre...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: assessment,
economic,
impact,
integration,
life cycle,
The importance of global and regional coordination in conservation is growing, although currently, the majority of conservation programs are applied at national and subnational scales. Nevertheless, multinational programs incur transaction costs and resources beyond what is required in national programs. Given the need to maximize returns on investment within limited conservation budgets, it is crucial to quantify how much more biodiversity can be protected by coordinating multinational conservation efforts when resources are fungible. Previous studies that compared different scales of conservation decision-making mostly ignored spatial variability in biodiversity threats and the cost of actions. Here, we developed...
Categories: Publication;
Types: Citation;
Tags: *Biodiversity,
*International Cooperation,
Conservation of Natural Resources/*economics/*meth,
Economic,
Mediterranean Region,
Native Americans are one of the most vulnerable populations to climate change in the United States because of their reliance upon the natural environment for food, livelihood, and cultural traditions. In the Southwest, where the temperature and precipitation changes from climate change are expected to be particularly severe, tribal communities may be especially vulnerable. Through this project, researchers sought to better understand the climate change threats facing the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of northwestern Nevada. Researchers found that the Tribe’s vulnerability to climate change stems from its dependence on Pyramid Lake, which may experience reduced water supply in the future. This will potentially have negative...
Categories: Project;
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: 2012,
CASC,
Completed,
Federal,
Fish,
Este sitio presenta los mapas digitales de la Dirección General de Investigación de Ordenamiento Ecológico y Conservación de los Ecosistemas. Tiene por objetivo difundir los resultados de los proyectos sobre Ordenamiento Ecológico, Conservación de los Ecosistemas y Manejo Integral de Cuencas Hídricas, relacionados con el manejo de los recursos naturales y la planificación territorial que pueden ser de utilidad para la toma de decisiones en materia ambiental. Al mismo tiempo, la cartografía se presenta a un público general que tenga el interés de conocer algunos aspectos del estado del medio ambiente en nuestro país. La información disponible se presenta en su mayor parte a la escala 1:250,000, encontrándose algunos...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: GIS,
Mexico,
Spanish,
biodiversity,
economic,
To help resource managers prioritize management actions across large landscapes, the Integrated Landscape Assessment Project (ILAP) produced databases, reports, maps, analyses, and other information showing mid- to broad-scale (thousands to hundreds of thousands of hectares and larger areas) vegetation conditions and potential future trends, key wildlife habitat conditions and trends, wildfire hazard, potential economic value of products that might be generated during vegetation management, and other critical information for all lands and all major upland vegetation types in Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon, and Washington. ILAP work involved gathering and consolidating existing information, developing new information...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Arizona,
Chihuahuan Desert,
English,
GIS,
Madrean,
In the border region between Mexico, Arizona and New Mexico, a little known landscape supports a unique mix of temperate and subtropical ecosystems, the likes of which are found nowhere else in the United States. The Sky Islands are an area of more than 40 separate mountain ranges isolated by what was once a sea of more than 13 million acres of grassland. It is one of America’s hotspots for wildlife diversity, hosting more than twice as many mammal species as Yellowstone National Park and supporting the nation’s highest diversity of reptiles, bees, and ants. Additionally, these grasslands are a key connecting landscape between the Sierra Madre Occidental Mountains in Mexico and the Rocky Mountains to the North and...
Types: Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
OGC WMS Service;
Tags: Madrean Archipelago,
amphibian,
bird,
economic,
ecosystem services,
This boundary file delineates areas of significant agricultural activity in Canada as indicated by the 2006 Census of Agriculture. The agricultural ecumene enables users to thematically map data aggregated to the census division level and limits the data display to those areas where agricultural activity is concentrated in Canada. Ecumene, a word derived from the Greek root oixos meaning inhabited and nenon meaning space, is a term used by geographers to indicate inhabited land. It generally refers to land where people have made their permanent home, and to all work areas that are considered occupied and used for agricultural or any other economic purposes.
This paper estimates the extra costs of drilling for oil and gas on federal land as compared to private land in the Wyoming Checkerboard. The Checkerboard is a center of U.S. oil and gas activity in which square-mile sections of property alternate between federal and private ownership as originally established by the Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 and 1864. This land ownership pattern is used as an experimental control that may be used to identify differences in drilling cost on federal and private land. Estimates presented suggest that average drilling costs per well are about $200,000 higher on federal property than on private property. This difference is attributed to more stringent enforcement of environmental...
During the past three years, working with more than 150 organizations representing public and private stakeholders, EPRI has developed the Electricity Technology Roadmap. The Roadmap identifies several major strategic challenges that must be successfully addressed to ensure a sustainable future in which electricity continues to play an important role in economic growth. Articulation of these anticipated trends and challenges requires a detailed understanding of the role and importance of reliable electricity in different sectors of the economy. This report is intended to contribute to that understanding by analyzing key aspects of trends in the economic value of electricity reliability in the U.S. economy. We first...
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