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(i) This dataset presents macroscopic and microscopic pathological findings and bacteriology of 178 tadpoles diagnosed with Severe Perkinsea Infections. (ii) Specimen were collected and submitted to the NWHC as part of mortality investigations and collection of specimen from apparently healthy populations as part of ongoing amphibian health monitoring. (iii) Necropsies and gross evaluation of carcasses were carried out under a dissecting microscope. (iv) Severe Perkinsea Infection was confirmed in each specimen by histological observation of pathological changes in tissues with presence of Perkinsea-like organisms in at least one organ, including brain, eyes, gastrointestinal tract, gills, heart, liver, lungs, kidney,...
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These data were collected as part of a field trial to test the effectiveness of a sylvatic plague vaccine (see Rocke et al., 2017 for details). Vaccine and control plots were selected randomly from the available pairs at each location. Baits containing Rhodamine B, a biomarker, were distributed at each plot. At least 1 week and no more than 2 months post-baiting each year, local collaborators captured, marked, and sampled prairie dogs. Hair and whisker samples were collected from up to 50 unique prairie dogs from each plot each year. Sex, age, weight, and the identity of all current-year and prior-year recaptures were recorded for each captured animal. In the laboratory, hair/whiskers were assessed for the presence...
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These data sets are is a compilation of bird and environmental samples obtained from 6 sites in Maricopa County, Arizona on the dates shown. Sites were only visited and sampled if they had Rosy-cheeked lovebirds coming to bird feeders at the location and with the permission of the property owner. Two swab samples were obtained from each captured bird and 3 swab samples were collected from the environment at each site. Each sample was tested by PCR for Chlamydia psittaci, Psittacine Circovirus genotype 1 [PCV-1]), and Psittacine Circovirus genotype 2 (PCV-2) and, for appropriate samples (love birds and environmental samples) and where enough sample material remained for PBFD virus Pathotype 2.
Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a tumor disease of marine turtles associated with Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) that has historically been refractory to growth in tissue culture. Here, we show for the first time de novo formation of ChHV5-positive intranuclear inclusions in cultured green turtle cells, which is indicative for active lytic replication of the virus. The minimal requirements to achieve lytic replication in cultured cells included 1) either in-vitro culturing of ChHV5-positive tumor biopsies or organotypic cultures consisting of ChHV5-positive turtle fibroblasts in collagen rafts seeded with ChHV5-negative or -positive turtle keratinocytes and 2) keratinocyte maturation, which occurred naturally in explanted...
The data set contains results for nine serum biochemistries in molting Pacific black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans). These data were used to calculate reference intervals (sometimes referred to as normal values) for the nine serum biochemistries. All brant were after-hatch year. All samples were collected in 2006 and 2007 in the Teshekpuk Lake Special Area, Alaska.
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In 2007, a phase shift from corals to corallimorpharians (CM) was documented at Palmyra Atoll, Line Islands, centered around a shipwreck. Subsequent surveys revealed CM to be overgrowing the reef benthos, including corals and coralline algae, potentially placing coral ecosystems in the atoll at risk. This prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the lead management agency of the atoll, to remove the shipwreck. Subsequent surveys showed reversal of spread of CM around the ship impact site. We explain patterns of spread of the CM in terms of life history and local currents and show with a pilot study that pulverized bleach may be an effective tool to eradicate CM on a local scale. If applied strategically, particularly...
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This data set provides biological information from of a captive colony of common vampire bats (wild-caught and born in captivity) that were part of an experimental study on vaccination. It includes results obtained from different assays: RT-PCR, serum neutralization, Rabies direct-fluorescent antibody test, performed periodically during the study (Sep 2018 – May 2020).
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In 2013, a large blinded, paired placebo-controlled field trial for the prairie dog oral sylvatic plague vaccine started in the Western US. On 17 paired plots, vaccine and placebo plots, small rodents were trapped annually for 3-5 consecutive nights (when weather allowed). Up on capture, we documented the trap numbers and the processed animals. We noted standard biological information (species, sex, age) and took samples (fleas, blood, hair and whiskers). When logistics allowed we also trapped diurnal animals. Hair and whisker samples were taped to a transparent sheet and scored for the presence (high dose 1, low dose 2) or absence (0) of Rhodamine B fluorescence (RB dataset)
During 2002−2015 we examined the causes of mortality in beachcast northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) collected from the coasts of Washington and Oregon states. A total of 333 moribund or dead sea otters were reported through opportunistic observations and 93 otter carcasses were collected for necropsy. Retrieved carcasses received a full diagnostic evaluation to determine cause of death when carcass condition permitted. Otter stranding reports were received from the entire Washington coast and northern Oregon coast, but carcasses located near areas populated by humans were most often in suitable condition for cause of death determination. Data in this release include basic demographic information on the...
Bats occupying hibernacula during summer months may play an important role in the epidemiology of white-nose syndrome (WNS). For example, bats exposed to viable Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), the causative agent of WNS, in late summer could spread the fungus by transmitting it to other bats or to other locations suitable for establishment of new environmental reservoirs. To explore risks for transmission of Pd during the non-hibernal season, we screened bats using hibernacula between July 18 to August 22, 2012 and associated environmental samples for presence of Pd. Study sites within the eastern United States included six hibernacula known to harbor Pd and two hibernacula in which bats with WNS had not been...
Snake fungal disease (SFD) represents a conservation threat to wild snake populations. The disease was reported in North America early in the 21st century, but the history of SFD has not been investigated. We examined museum specimens and confirmed cases of SFD based on clinical signs, histopathologic lesions, and detection of the causative agent Ophidiomyces ophidiicola. The first confirmed cases of SFD in these specimens was >50 years prior to the disease’s reported emergence.
As harmful algal blooms (HABs) increase in magnitude and duration worldwide, they are becoming an expanding threat to marine wildlife. Over the past decade, domoic acid (DA) and saxitoxin (STX) have been increasingly problematic bicoastally in the United States. We investigated pooled seabird mortality data from opportunistic sampling events between 2007-2018, across three states, to examine the patterns and role of DA and STX in seabird mortality events from the continental United States. Patterns in DA and STX levels and affected tissue type were reviewed, and two specific accounts of localized and pervasive event types were examined. There has been increased toxin detection with expanded tissue testing during...
To investigate the role of migratory birds in the dissemination of West Nile virus (WNV), we measured the prevalence of infectious WNV and specific WNV neutralizing antibodies in birds, principally Passeriformes, during spring and fall migrations in the Atlantic and Mississippi flyways from 2001-2003. Blood samples were obtained from 13,403 birds, representing 133 species. Specific WNV neutralizing antibody was detected in 254 resident and migratory birds, representing 39 species, and was most commonly detected in northern cardinals ( Cardinalis cardinalis ) (9.8%, N = 762) and gray catbirds ( Dumetella carolinensis ) (3.2%, N = 3188). West Nile virus viremias were detected in 19 birds, including 8 gray catbirds,...
During 2010 to 2013, waterbird mortality surveillance programs used a shared protocol for shoreline walking surveys performed June to November at three areas in northern Lake Michigan. In 2010 and 2012, 1244 total carcasses (0.8 dead bird/km walked) and 2399 total carcasses (1.2 dead birds/km walked), respectively, were detected. Fewer carcasses were detected in 2011 (353 total carcasses, 0.2 dead bird/km walked) and 2013 (451 total carcasses, 0.3 dead bird/km walked). During 3 years, peak detection of carcasses occurred in October and involved primarily migratory diving and fish-eating birds, including long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis; 2010), common loons (Gavia immer; 2012), and red-breasted mergansers (Mergus...
These data were collected as part of a field trial to test the efficacy of a sylvatic plague vaccine (see Rocke et al., 2017 for details). Vaccine and control plots were selected randomly from the available sites at each location. At least 1 week and no more than 2 months post-baiting each year, local collaborators captured, marked and sampled prairie dogs for a minimum of 3 trap days. Both plots in a pair were trapped on the same day, and trap effort (number of traps and trap days) between plots of the same pair was similar with few exceptions. Fleas were collected from up to 50 unique prairie dogs from each plot each year. Sex, age, weight, and foot length were recorded for each captured animal. In the laboratory,...
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Animal identification number, weight in grams for carcasses of California tiger salamanders (Ambystoma californiense) CTS and Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) SCLT from Prospect or Ellicott Pond, on Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge, California U.S.A. submitted to U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) for determination of cause of death. NWHC Case 29381. MSF Sequence file used to construct a phylogenetic tree. Sequences were generated from samples at NWHC (Px) and using BLAST (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi) they were compared for base pair similarities with publicly available sequences from GenBank. Sequences selected for the Multi Sequence...
Snake fungal disease (SFD) is an emerging disease of wild snakes in eastern North America caused by the fungus Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola. The data presented here describe: 1) the types of fungi recovered in culture from the skin of snakes with and without fungal skin infections, 2) the presence or absence of skin lesions in populations of snakes surveyed at several sites in Wisconsin and Minnesota, and 3) the various species of snakes that have been found to harbor O. ophiodiicola.
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Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic disease endemic in Central and West Africa and is the most virulent orthopoxvirus affecting humans since the eradication of variola virus (VARV). In order to assess their reservoir potential, wild-caught rope squirrels were experimentally infected via intranasal and intradermal exposure with a recombinant MPXV strain from Central Africa engineered to express the luciferase gene. After infection, we monitored viral replication via in vivo bioluminescent imaging and viral shedding via culture and PCR. MPXV infection in African rope squirrels caused mortality and moderate to severe morbidity, with clinical signs including pox lesions in the skin, eyes, mouth and nose, dyspnea, and...
During 2010 to 2013, waterbird mortality surveillance programs used a shared protocol for shoreline walking surveys performed June to November at three areas in northern Lake Michigan. Timing (to day) and location (to transect) of carcass deposition and species affected were summarized. Using these observations, the broader goal of our study was to quantify the spatial synchrony of avian mortality events and explore whether within-year lake conditions (lake surface temperatures and the presence of algal masses) were related to the magnitude and periodicity of these mortality events. We generated the data on bird mortality, but we used publically-available data from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration...
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In 2010, a mass mortality of pufferfish in Hawaii was dominated by Arothron hispidus showing aberrant neurological behaviors. Using pathology, toxinology, and field surveys, we implicated a series of novel, polar, marine toxins as a likely cause of this mass mortality. Our findings are striking in that 1) a marine toxin was associated with a kill of a fish species that is, itself, toxic; 2) we provide a plausible mechanism to explain clinical signs of affected fish, and 3) this epizootic likely depleted puffer populations. Whilst our data are compelling, we did not synthesize the toxin de-novo, we were unable to categorically prove that the polar toxins caused mortality or that they were metabolites of an undefined...
map background search result map search result map Prevalence of West Nile virus in migratory birds during spring and fall migration, 2001-2003 Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010-2013 Puffer Mortality Data Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes WNS Summer Surveillance: DATA Serum biochemistries of Pacific black brant Monkeypox challenge of rope squirrels: data Environmental conditions synchronize waterbird mortality events in the Great Lakes: Data SPV field trials bait uptake data Mortality trends in northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) collected from the coast of Washington and Oregon during 2002—2015: Data Chelonid herpesvirus 5 virus isolation data Corallimorph Invasion Palmyra: Data Occurrence of Chlamydia sp in apparently healthy birds associated with a mortality event caused by chlamydiosis: Data Impact of the oral Sylvatic Plague Vaccine on Non-target Small Rodents: Data Sylvatic plague vaccine field trials flea data Pathology and bacteriology of 178 tadpoles with histologically confirmed Severe Perkinsea Infections: Data Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds from California and Rhode Island 2015-2017 Confirmed cases of snake fungal disease in historical museum specimens Carcass weights, 28S rRNA alignment file and parasite sample vouchers collected from California tiger salamanders (Ambystoma californiense) CTS and Santa Cruz long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum croceum) SCLT from Prospect or Ellicott Pond, on Ellicott Slough National Wildlife Refuge, California U.S.A. recorded September 11, 2019 Serology, survival, and detection of rabies data from vaccination trials in the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) using a recombinant raccoon poxvirus-vectored mosaic rabies vaccine candidate Corallimorph Invasion Palmyra: Data Occurrence of Chlamydia sp in apparently healthy birds associated with a mortality event caused by chlamydiosis: Data Avian botulism type E in waterbirds of Lake Michigan, 2010-2013 Chelonid herpesvirus 5 virus isolation data Serology, survival, and detection of rabies data from vaccination trials in the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) using a recombinant raccoon poxvirus-vectored mosaic rabies vaccine candidate Mortality trends in northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) collected from the coast of Washington and Oregon during 2002—2015: Data Monkeypox challenge of rope squirrels: data WNS Summer Surveillance: DATA Serum biochemistries of Pacific black brant Environmental conditions synchronize waterbird mortality events in the Great Lakes: Data Puffer Mortality Data SPV field trials bait uptake data Impact of the oral Sylvatic Plague Vaccine on Non-target Small Rodents: Data Sylvatic plague vaccine field trials flea data Domoic acid and saxitoxin in seabirds from California and Rhode Island 2015-2017 Prevalence of West Nile virus in migratory birds during spring and fall migration, 2001-2003 Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes Pathology and bacteriology of 178 tadpoles with histologically confirmed Severe Perkinsea Infections: Data Confirmed cases of snake fungal disease in historical museum specimens