Filters: partyWithName: Justin E Birdwell (X) > partyWithName: U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase (X)
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Petroleum within unconventional source-rock reservoirs is hosted in organic matter and mineral pore space as well as in voids and microfractures. Recent work has shown that for source-rock reservoirs in the dry gas window, significant portions of methane (CH4), the main component of petroleum at elevated maturities, can be stored within fine organic matter porosity. However, within reservoirs at lower thermal maturities (e.g., peak oil or wet-gas conditions), the distribution and behavior of CH4 and the higher alkanes that comprise gas condensates across pore sizes is unclear, especially for fine pores with diameters <50 nm. Understanding CH4 within these settings provides insight for petroleum generation, movement,...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Colorado,
Contrast Matching,
Denver-Julesburg Basin,
Energy Resources,
Gas Condensate,
Inorganic compositions of flowback and co-produced waters from hydrocarbon extraction have been studied directly and through laboratory experiments that seek to replicate subsurface water-rock interaction. Here a broad analysis is made of compositions from the U.S. Geological Survey Produced Waters Database (v2.3) and leachates (water, hydrochloric acid, artificial brine) for 12 energy-resource related shales from across the United States. The database illustrates common ranges for 26 elements in 4 produced water types and enhanced solubility with increasing ionic strength is observed for Al, Ba, Fe, Li, Mn, Rb, Sr, and possibly 11 other elements. Differences are observed between laboratory leachates and produced...
Geological models for petroleum generation suggest thermal conversion of oil-prone sedimentary organic matter in the presence of water promotes increased liquid saturate yield, whereas absence of water causes formation of an aromatic, cross-linked solid bitumen residue. To test the influence of exchangeable hydrogen from water, organic-rich (22 wt.% total organic carbon, TOC) mudrock samples from the Eocene lacustrine Green River Mahogany zone oil shale were pyrolyzed under hydrous and anhydrous conditions at temperatures between 300 and 370°C for 72 hrs. Petrographic approaches including optical microscopy, reflectance, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy, supplemented...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Anhydrous pyrolysis,
Colorado,
Energy Resources,
Garfield County,
Geochemistry,
This data release contains geochemical and spectroscopic laboratory results associated with the journal article "Middle-Late Holocene paleolimnological changes in central Lake Tanganyika: Integrated evidence from the Kavala Island Ridge (Tanzania)". Data include bulk organic geochemistry, organic stable carbon isotope, and infrared spectroscopic analyses. Location for LT-TANG17-9B-1U-1: latitude: -5.952900, longitude: 29.639700. Coring site is located ~ 14 km offshore in ~ 420 m of water.
Categories: Data;
Tags: East African Rift,
East African Rift,
Energy Resources,
Lake Tanganyika,
Lake Tanganyika,
High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualization of sedimentary organic matter (SOM) is widely utilized in the geosciences for evaluation of microscale rock properties relevant to depositional environment, diagenesis, and the processes of fluid generation, transport, and storage. However, despite thousands of studies which have incorporated SEM approaches, the inability of SEM to differentiate SOM types has hampered the pace of scientific advancement. In this study, we show that SEM-cathodoluminescence (CL) properties can be used to identify and characterize SOM at low thermal maturity conditions. Eleven varied mudstone samples with a broad array of SOM types, ranging from the Paleoproterozoic to...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Australia,
China,
Energy Resources,
Energy resources,
Fluorescence emission intensity,
The nanoscale molecular composition of kerogen is a challenging parameter to characterize given the chemical and structural complexity exhibited by this important biopolymer. However, kerogen composition will strongly impact its reactivity and so is a critical parameter to understand petroleum generation processes during kerogen catagenesis. The recent advent of tip-enhanced analytical methods, such as atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR), has allowed for the major compositional features of kerogen to be elucidated at spatial resolutions at or below 50 nm. Here we apply AFM-IR to examine inertinite, an important kerogen maceral type, from an immature Eagle Ford Shale sample. Our data show...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR),
Energy Resources,
Geochemistry,
Organic matter,
Shale,
Solid bitumen is a petrographically-defined secondary organic matter residue produced during petroleum generation and subsequent oil transformation. The presence of solid bitumen impacts many shale reservoir properties including porosity, permeability, and hydrocarbon generation and storage, amongst others. Furthermore, solid bitumen reflectance is an important parameter for assessing the thermal maturity of formations with little to no vitrinite. While the molecular composition of solid bitumen will strongly impact associated parameters such as the development of organic matter porosity, hydrocarbon generation, and optical reflectance, assessing the molecular composition of solid bitumen in situ within shale reservoirs...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Energy Resources,
Geochemistry,
Oil and gas resources,
Organic matter,
Shale,
This legacy database lists occurrences of minerals identified in the Green River Formation in the Uinta and Piceance Basins, Utah and Colorado using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The database was compiled from data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and former U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM). The database includes 1200 samples from 14 cores in the Uinta Basin and 9443 samples from 30 cores in the Piceance Basin; within that dataset over 40 mineral phases are represented between the two basins. Quartz, dolomite, and feldspars are the most common minerals. For nearly a century, these two agencies conducted extensive research on the oil shale deposits of the Eocene Green River Formation, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming....
Categories: Data;
Tags: Energy Resources,
Green River Formation,
Mineralogy,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
Utah,
Thirty-two organic-rich samples from the lower and upper shale members of the Devonian–Mississippian Bakken Formation were collected from eight cores across the Williston Basin, USA, at depths (~7,575–11,330 ft) representing immature through post peak oil/early condensate thermal maturity conditions. Reflectance results were correlated to programmed temperature pyrolysis parameters [hydrogen index (HI), production index (PI), Tmax], normal hydrocarbon and isoprenoid analysis of extractable organic matter (pristane/n-C17, phytane/n-C18) from GC analysis, and peak ratios from FTIR spectroscopy (branching ratio, A-factor).
Categories: Data;
Tags: Energy Resources,
Geochemistry,
North Dakota,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
geoscientificInformation,
Here the spatial variation in Raman estimates of thermal maturity within individual organic domains from several shale geologic reference materials originating from the Boquillas, Marcellus, Niobrara, and Woodford Formations are assessed from the respective Raman response. We show that for all four shales the thermal maturity parameters extracted from Raman spectra by iterative peak fitting can vary widely across distances of ≤5 µm within the same organic domain.
Categories: Data;
Tags: CEMEX quarry,
Carter County, Oklahoma,
Del Rio, Val Verde County, Texas,
Energy Resources,
Geochemistry,
This data release accompanies a Fact Sheet on the ShBOQ-1 geochemical reference material (Birdwell and Wilson, 2021). Average and standard deviations reported in the Fact Sheet were calculated using the values compiled here.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Del Rio,
Energy Resources,
Geochemical Reference Material,
Texas,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
This Data Release contains data associated with the journal article "Geochemistry of the Cretaceous Mowry Shale in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming". Data include bulk organic geochemistry, major and trace element geochemistry, mineralogy, extractable organic matter composition, extractable biomarkers, and organic stable carbon isotope analyses.
Categories: Data;
Tags: Casper arch,
Central Energy Resources Science Center (CERSC),
Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway,
Energy Resources,
HAWK,
This dataset is associated with a journal article "The Role of Organic Matter Diversity on the Re-Os Systematics of Organic-rich Sedimentary Units: Insights into the Controls of Isochron Age Determinations from the Lacustrine Green River Formation" and summarizes data generated by the Petroleum Geochemistry Research Laboratory that was used in this work. Data include bulk organic geochemistry on whole rocks and a few compound ratios based on analysis of extractable organic matter.
Categories: Data;
Tags: 1 Coyote Wash core,
Energy Resources,
Eocene Lake Uinta,
Total PR-15-7c core,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
The informal Uteland Butte member of the Eocene Green River Formation in the Uinta Basin, Utah is one of the few examples of a continuous petroleum resource play in the world situated in a lacustrine sedimentary basin (Johnson and others, 2015; Birdwell and others, 2016). The datasets compiled here were collected on outcrop samples of the Uteland Butte member with the purpose of better characterizing the geochemical and mineralogical properties and variability through this unit, which represents a period of freshwater conditions in Eocene Lake Uinta in the Uinta Basin. The data have been integrated with outcrop descriptions, geophysical (gamma ray) logs, and interpretations of depositional conditions across geographic...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Energy Resources,
Eocene Green River,
Green River,
Green River Formation,
Petroleum Geochemistry Research Laboratory,
This data release contains the boundaries of assessment units and input data for the assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the Smackover formation in the U.S. Gulf Coast. The Assessment Unit is the fundamental unit used in the National Assessment Project for the assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources. The Assessment Unit is defined within the context of the higher-level Total Petroleum System. The Assessment Unit is shown herein as a geographic boundary interpreted, defined, and mapped by the geologist responsible for the province and incorporates a set of known or postulated oil and (or) gas accumulations sharing similar geologic, geographic, and temporal properties within the...
Categories: Data;
Types: Downloadable,
Map Service,
OGC WFS Layer,
OGC WMS Layer,
Shapefile;
Tags: Assessment Unit,
Continuous Assessment Unit,
Energy Resources,
Energy Resources,
Geology,
Data on Produced Water Quality and Quantities from Hydraulically Fractured Williston Basin Oil Wells
This dataset contains compositional data on 17 produced water samples from hydraulically fractured unconventional oil wells completed in the Middle Bakken and Three Forks Formations. The oil wells are located in five different wellfields across the Williston Basin. Specific gravity, conductivity, temperature, pH and oxidation-reduction potential for each sample was measured in the field. Ions (B, Li, Cl, Na, Br), biomarkers (Pristane /n-C17 and Phytane /n-C18), glycol ether compounds, major ions, as well as radium (Ra-228/Ra-226), boron (δ11B), oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δ2H) isotopic ratios were analyzed in the lab. Well profiles are provided to increase understanding of the produced waters compositions in the...
The molecular composition of petroliferous organic matter and its composition evolution throughout thermal advance are key to understanding and insight into petroleum generation. This information is critical for comprehending hydrocarbon resources in unconventional reservoirs, as source rock organic matter is highly dispersed, in contact with the surrounding mineral matrix, and may be present as multiple organic matter types. Here, a combination of Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy approaches was applied to a marginally mature (vitrinite reflectance ~0.5%) sample of the Late Cretaceous Boquillas Shale before and after hydrous pyrolysis (HP) at 300 °C and 330 °C for 72 hours. This experimental design allowed...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Energy Resources,
Energy resources,
Hydrous pyrolysis,
Mudrock,
Organic matter,
The Eocene Green River Formation in the Piceance Basin of Colorado contains some of the richest oil shale deposits in the world (Johnson and others, 2009; Birdwell and others, 2013). The datasets compiled here were collected with the purpose of refining our understanding of geochemical variability through the depositional history of Eocene Lake Uinta in Piceance Basin. The effects of salinity, water column stratification, and redox conditions were of particular interest. The inclusion of basin center (cores) and basin margin (outcrop) samples through the full stratigraphic interval of the Green River Formation facilitated temporal and spatial assessment of trends within the basin. Geochemical and sedimentologic...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Energy Resources,
Eocene Lake Uinta,
Green River,
Green River Formation,
Petroleum Geochemistry Research Laboratory,
This Data Release contains lanthanide (i.e., rare earth element, REE), yttrium (Y), and scandium (Sc) concentrations for oil shales and kerogens isolated from those presented in the associated journal article "Role of Organic Matter and Thermal Maturation in Rare Earth Element Partitioning in the Middle Devonian Sequence of the Appalachian Basin". This dataset provides REE content for a diverse range of organic-rich mudstones from around the world with samples from the Cambrian through Eocene Periods.
As part of a broader research program to examine domestic source rock reservoirs, the Gulf Coast Petroleum Systems project of the USGS Energy Resources Program drilled a research borehole into Late Cretaceous mudstones in McLennan County, Texas, including the Cenomanian-Turonian Eagle Ford Group. A comprehensive wireline geophysical logging suite and over 600 ft of continuous core were obtained to advance the understanding of the stratigraphy, rock and fluid properties, burial history, and depositional environment of these uncompacted and thermally immature Eagle Ford source rocks. Geophysical logs were calibrated with geochemical core data to characterize mineralogical variability and petrophysical characterization...
Categories: Data;
Tags: Eagle Ford Group,
Energy Resources,
Gulf of Mexico basin,
USGS Science Data Catalog (SDC),
energy resources,
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