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This dataset contains a projection of land use and land cover for the conterminous United States for the period 2001 - 2061. This projection used the USGS's LUCAS (Land Use and Carbon Scenario Simulator) model to project a business as usual scenario of land cover and land use change. By running the LUCAS model on the USGS's YETI high performance computer and parallelizing the computation, we ran 100 Monte Carlo simulations based on empirically observed rates of change at a relatively fine scale (270m). We sampled from multiple observed rates of change at the county level to introduce heterogeneity into the Monte Carlo simulations. Using this approach allowed the model to project different outcomes that were summarized...
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This data release contains hourly means of climatological data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) from 10/1/1991 to 9/30/2019 at three weather stations in the Loch Vale watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP), Colorado. In order of increasing elevation, the three weather stations are Loch Vale meteorological station at RMNP, Colo. (Main weather station, USGS station 401719105394311) at an elevation of 2,925 meters (m) above North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), Andrews Creek meteorological station at RMNP, Colo. (Andrews Creek weather station, USGS station 401723105400101) at an elevation of 2,990 m above NAVD 88 and Sharkstooth meteorological station at RMNP, Colo. (Sharkstooth weather...
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Disclaimer: this is an historic version of NLCD provided for research and citation purposes. Different release dates of NLCD cannot be used with other release dates for correct analysis. Each release of NLCD generates a complete set of directly comparable products. These products must be used together for correct analysis. You can find the latest suite of synced products at www.mrlc.gov. The National Land Cover Database 2001 land cover layer for mapping zones 01-66 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of federal agencies (www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National...
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Forests in Washington State generate substantial economic revenue from commercial timber harvesting on private lands. To investigate the rates, causes, and spatial and temporal patterns of forest harvest on private tracts throughout the central Cascade Mountain area, we relied on a new generation of annual land-use/land-cover (LULC) products created from the application of the Continuous Change Detection and Classification (CCDC) algorithm to Landsat satellite imagery collected from 1985 to 2014. We calculated metrics of landscape pattern using patches of intact and harvested forest patches identified in each annual layer to identify changes throughout the time series. Patch dynamics revealed four distinct eras...
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This data set collects, from peer-reviewed research, values of sea surface temperature (SST) that occurred at various sites across the Earth during a brief period of the mid-Piacenzian
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Migratory species provide important benefits to society, but their cross-border conservation poses serious challenges. By quantifying the economic value of ecosystem services (ES) provided across a species’ range and ecological data on a species’ habitat dependence, we estimate spatial subsidies–how different regions support ES provided by a species across its range. We illustrate this method for migratory Northern Pintail ducks in North America. Pintails support over $101 million annually in recreational hunting and viewing and subsistence hunting in the U.S. and Canada. Pintail breeding regions provide nearly $30 million in subsidies to wintering regions, with the “Prairie Pothole” region supplying over $24 million...
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Migratory species provide ecosystem goods and services throughout their annual cycles, often over long distances. Designing effective conservation solutions for migratory species requires knowledge of both species ecology and the socioeconomic context of their migrations. We present a framework built around the concept that migratory species act as carriers, delivering benefit flows to people throughout their annual cycle that are supported by the network of ecosystems upon which the species depend. We apply this framework to the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) migration of eastern North America by calculating their spatial subsidies. Spatial subsidies are the net ecosystem service flows throughout a species’...
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We identified nine study site locations, representing three mature vegetation communities [Atlantic White Cedar (desired community), tall pine pocosin (desired community), and red maple/black gum mixed (undesired community)] with typical water depth within each vegetation type. All measurements were replicated three times (3 vegetation types x 3 replicates = 9 sites total). We installed four flux chambers at each site to collect GHG fluxes from all nine sites. We measured CO2 and CH4 using a Los Gatos Research Ultra Portable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer and two-part 760 cm2 flux chambers (chamber base remained in situ; chamber top was placed on the bottom only when sampling). We checked the gas fluxes on a monthly time-table...
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The dataset provides a spatially explicit estimate of 2019 herbaceous annual percent cover predicted on May 1st with an emphasis on annual grasses. The estimate is based on the mean output of two regression-tree models. For one model, we include, as an independent variable amongst other independent variables, a dataset that is the mean of 17-years of annual herbaceous percent cover (https://doi.org/10.5066/F71J98QK). This model's test mean error rate (n = 1670), based on nine different randomizations, equals 4.9% with a standard deviation of +/- 0.15. A second model was developed that did not include the mean of 17-years of annual herbaceous percent cover, and this model's test mean error rate (n = 1670), based...
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Distant tsunamis require short-notice evacuations in coastal communities to minimize threats to life safety. Given the available time to evacuate and potential distances out of hazard zones, coastal transportation planners and emergency managers can expect large proportions of populations to evacuate using vehicles. A community-wide, short-notice, distant-tsunami evacuation is challenging because it creates a sudden, significant, and concentrated demand on road-network systems. Transportation planners and emergency managers need methods to help them determine if a road network can handle an evacuation surge and if not, where interventions can best reduce overall clearance times. We use the coastal community of Bay...
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Western U.S. rangelands have been quantified as six fractional cover (0-100%) components over the Landsat archive (1985-2018) at 30-m resolution, termed the “Back-in-Time” (BIT) dataset. Robust validation through space and time is needed to quantify product accuracy. We leverage field data observed concurrently with HRS imagery over multiple years and locations in the Western U.S. to dramatically expand the spatial extent and sample size of validation analysis relative to a direct comparison to field observations and to previous work. We compare HRS and BIT data in the corresponding space and time. Our objectives were to evaluate the temporal and spatio-temporal relationships between HRS and BIT data, and to compare...
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We are provoding a set of table and maps that provides summary of ecosystem carbon balance (pools and fluxes) as simulated by the Dynamic Organic Soil version of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model. Simulations are provided for the historical period from 1950 to 2009 and projections from 2010 to 2099, for the four main landscape conservation cooperative regions in Alaska (i.e. the Arctic, the Western Alaska, the North Pacific and the Northwest Boreal LCCs). Projections have been conducted at 1km-resolution for two set of climate scenarios for the A1B, B1 and A2 emission scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (IPCC-SRES). The two global circulation models used...
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This USGS Data Release represents geospatial and tabular data for the Nisqually River Delta historical habitat mapping. The data release was produced in compliance with the new 'open data' requirements as a way to make the scientific products associated with USGS research efforts and publications available to the public. The dataset consists of 9 separate items: 1. Forest Change (raster dataset) 2. Forest Type Change (raster dataset) 3. Functional Pathway Change (raster dataset) 4. 1957 Habitat Map (raster dataset) 5. 1980 Habitat Map (raster dataset) 6. 2015 Habitat Map (raster dataset) 7. 1980 Species Map (raster dataset) 8. 2015 Species Map (raster dataset) 9. Wetland Change (raster dataset) These data support...
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To better map the urban class and understand how urban lands change over time, we removed rural roads and small patches of rural development from the NLCD developed class and created four wall-to-wall maps (1992, 2001, 2006, and 2011) of urban land. Removing rural roads from the NLCD developed class involved a multi-step filtering process, data fusion using geospatial road and developed land data, and manual editing. Reference data classified as urban or not urban from a stratified random sample was used to assess the accuracy of the 2001 and 2006 urban and NLCD maps. The newly created urban maps had higher overall accuracy (98.7%) than the NLCD maps (96.2%). More importantly, the urban maps resulted in lower commission...
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We identified nine study site locations, representing three mature vegetation communities [Atlantic White Cedar (desired community), tall pine pocosin (desired community), and red maple/black gum mixed (undesired community)] with typical water depth within each vegetation type. All measurements were replicated three times (3 vegetation types x 3 replicates = 9 sites total). We installed four flux chambers at each site to collect GHG fluxes from all nine sites. We measured CO2 and CH4 using a Los Gatos Research Ultra Portable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer and two-part 760 cm2 flux chambers (chamber base remained in situ; chamber top was placed on the bottom only when sampling). We checked the gas fluxes on a monthly time-table...
    map background search result map search result map Alaska Land Carbon Assessment Data Data release for Quantifying ecosystem service flows at multiple scales across the range of a long-distance migratory species Historical Time-series Classification of Habitat for 1957, 1980 and 2015 in the Nisqually River Delta, Washington Data - Forest harvest patterns on private lands in the Cascade Mountains, Washington, USA Data - Removing roads from the National Land Cover Database to create improved urban maps for the United States, 1992-2011 Data release for ecosystem service flows from a migratory species: spatial subsidies of the northern pintail A National Land Use And Land Cover Projection For Threat Assessment And Conservation Planning Soil flux (CO2, CH4), soil temperature, and soil moisture measurements at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (2015 - 2017) Soil flux (CO2, CH4), soil temperature, and soil moisture measurements at the Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge (2015 - 2017) Early Estimates of Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem (May 1, 2019) Climatological data for the Loch Vale watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, water years 1992-2019 Temporal and Spatio-Temporal High-Resolution Satellite Data for the Validation of a Landsat Time-Series of Fractional Component Cover Across Western United States (U.S.) Rangelands National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 Land Cover Conterminous United States Bay Farm Island tsunami evacuation MATSIM network Climatological data for the Loch Vale watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, water years 1992-2019 Bay Farm Island tsunami evacuation MATSIM network Historical Time-series Classification of Habitat for 1957, 1980 and 2015 in the Nisqually River Delta, Washington Data - Forest harvest patterns on private lands in the Cascade Mountains, Washington, USA National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 2001 Land Cover Conterminous United States Temporal and Spatio-Temporal High-Resolution Satellite Data for the Validation of a Landsat Time-Series of Fractional Component Cover Across Western United States (U.S.) Rangelands A National Land Use And Land Cover Projection For Threat Assessment And Conservation Planning Early Estimates of Herbaceous Annual Cover in the Sagebrush Ecosystem (May 1, 2019) Alaska Land Carbon Assessment Data Data - Removing roads from the National Land Cover Database to create improved urban maps for the United States, 1992-2011 Data release for Quantifying ecosystem service flows at multiple scales across the range of a long-distance migratory species Data release for ecosystem service flows from a migratory species: spatial subsidies of the northern pintail