The Invasion of native communities by cool-season introduced grasses, especially smooth brome and Kentucky bluegrass in upland prairies, reed canary grass in wetlands, is on one of the most important management issues on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service)-owned lands. Two adaptive management projects, the Native Prairie and Reed Canary Grass Adaptive Management Projects were funded by USGS to examine restoration efforts on NWRs and WMDs in USFWS Regions 3 and 6. This project will support the completion of two decision support tools that are essential to long-term resource management success.