Infrequent seeps and springs along xeric canyon walls of the Colorado Plateau support hydrophytic habitats called hanging gardens. Vascular plant community heterogeneity, species-area relationship, species-occurrence pattern, and level of endemism were determined for 84 hanging gardens. Vascular plant species importance was used to develop hanging-garden vegetation types. Bee (Superfamily Apoidea) and small-mammal communities also were sampled for species richness, relative abundance, and species-occurrence patterns (the last, bees only). Hanging gardens in Arches, Canyonlands, and Zion National Parks, Dinosaur National Monument, and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area were equally large and species-rich compared to the small, species-poor [...]